fort plain obituaries

Note: Affiliate links are used within the directory on this site and a small contribution goes to the website for some purchases made. Are you looking for Fort Plain obituaries and death records? (Fort Plain, N.Y.) 1836-1841, Fort Plain: Mohawk Valley Register and Fort Plain Journal. Utilize advanced search techniques, such as proximity search and Boolean operators. With heavy hearts, we announce the death of Barbara Jean Sanders of Fort Plain, New York, born in Little Falls, New York, who passed away on February 21, 2023 at the age of 84. If you want to find death notices alongside Courier-Standard-Enterprise obits, follow these tips: The Courier-Standard-Enterprise records are invaluable sources of historical Fort Plain, New York 13339. Saint Johnsville, Montgomery County : 1951-1954 New York State Library, St. Johnsville Enterprise and News. Canajoharie, Montgomery County : 1943-1971, Canajoharie NY Courier Standard Enterprise 1975-1987, Canajoharie Radii (Canajoharie, N.Y. : 1877) Canajoharie, Montgomery County : 1877-1919, Courier-Standard-Enterprise. 8am to 2pm (Thu) 200. However, if you have a common last name or want to discover someone specific, you need to go deeper than this by using advanced search techniques. If youre trying to get more information on a specific relative, follow these steps to perform an advanced search of the Courier-Standard-Enterprise obituary archives. Saint Johnsville, Montgomery County : 1898-1918 New York State Library, The Dempster records : selected newspaper clippings from the Enterprise and Record, St. Johnsville (NY) genealogy column 'Mohawk Valley Genealogy and History', 1935-1941. Houghtaling & Smith Funeral Home, Inc. 20 Otsego Street Canajoharie, New York 13317 Telephone: (518) 673-2233 Email: hsfuneralhome@gmail.com Website: www.houghtalingandsmith.com Driving Directions: Click Here Map Gray-Houghtaling & Smith 34 Center Street Fort Plain, New York 13339 Telephone: (518) 993-3361 Email: hsfuneralhome@gmail.com ([Amsterdam, N.Y.]) 1977-Current, Amsterdam: Semi-Weekly Recorder and Democrat. Copyright 2023 Echovita Inc. All rights reserved. Of course. Amsterdam Evening Recorder and Daily Democrat. Whether you're trying to understand where you come from for the first time or you're looking to add some detail to a family tree, it couldn't be easier to perform a Courier-Standard-Enterprise obituary search. The easiest way to perform a basic Fort Plain obituary search is to enter the last name of your relative and press the Search button. Try searching for their husbands name. Its also ideal for fact-checking, as many obituaries werent necessarily created with 100% accuracy. Try searching by initials. Add them Subscribe to new obituaries Carl David Sumner SR. Oct 29, 1947 Mar 12, 2021 FORT PLAIN Carl Sumner Sr., 73, of Fort Plain, passed away on March 12th, 2021 after a long hard battle with L Read more Go to memorial Marian Louise Dillenback Amsterdam, Montgomery County : 1902-1974, Amsterdam Evening Recorder. She was a 1954 graduate of Northville Central School and then a 1956 graduate of Albany Business College. Helping Montgomery and Fulton Counties connect, honor and remember. Prepare a personalized obituary for someone you loved.. January 25, 1939 - Order a gift of comfort today. Death notices were often used to tell family, friends, and extended family members about a persons death and where the funeral service will be held. Dolores was born on June 7, 1935, in Ilion, the daughter of the On Tuesday morning, February 28, 2023, Roxanne Martuscello Martyniuk, 69, beloved wife, mother, grandmother, sister, and friend, died peacefully at her home in Dolgeville with her family at her side. Fort Plain, Montgomery County : 1940-1943, Fort Plain Standard. She was born on June 17, 1944, in Little Falls, NY. Family and friends are welcome to leave their condolences on this memorial page and share them with the family. Do you want to learn even more about unlocking your history? Fort Plain Cemetery Association 29 Clyde St Fort Plain, NY 13410 Send Flowers G Gray Houghtaling & Smith Funeral Home 34 Center St Fort Plain, NY 13410 Send Flowers Nearby Funeral Homes for Fort Plain A C E F G H J L M R W A Applegate & Day Funeral Home 102 West St Ilion, NY 13357 Send Flowers Autenrith Funeral Home 7479 Main St Newport, NY 13416 Write your message of sympathy today. Obituary of Nancy K. Carter | Enea Family Funeral Home Get death information, see service details and more. She attended Little Falls High School. Sort:Default. Many in the Fort Plain School community enjoyed having Mr. G as a gym teacher when they were children. Our local floristsare committed to offering only the finest floral arrangements backed by their professionalism and prompt service. Search Fort Plain obituaries and condolences, hosted by Echovita.com. -Name Born Age Birth Place Died; Amatangelo D'Arcangelis, Eugene A. New York Obituaries - Latest Obituaries in Fort Plain New York Fort Plain, Montgomery County : 1866-1870, Mohawk Valley register. Pre-planning and pre-paying your funeral is one of the most thoughtful gifts you can give to your family. Joe was a lifelong area resident. Canajoharie, Montgomery County : 1863-1877, Mohawk Valley Democrat (Fonda, N.Y. : 1864) Fonda, Montgomery County : 1864-1902, Mohawk Valley Democrat (Fonda, N.Y. : 1912) Fonda, Montgomery County : 1912-1990, Courier-Standard-Enterprise 07/09/2010 to Current, Fort Plain Standard, Fort Plain Free Press, Mohawk Valley Register. (Fort Plain, N.Y.) 1870-1921, Fort Plain: Montgomery Phoenix and Fort Plain Advertiser. When searching Fort Plain obits, here are our top tips for uncovering your family history: These research strategies can help you dig deeper and overcome those frustrating dead ends. She was a mother and homemaker. Are you looking for a female relative? She had been a resident of Fort Plain, NY, moving to. (Fonda, N.Y.) 1902-1912, Fonda: Fonda Herald. Find the right funeral home in Fort Plain, New York for your loved one. Death notices in Fort Plain are another source of valuable information for discovering those elusive ancestors. There is no photo or video of Barbara Jean Sanders.Be the first to share a memory to pay tribute. Our thoughts are with his family and friends. We understand that it is not always possible to attend a service or visitation in person, so we encourage you to use our beautifully designed interactiveonline tributesto pay your respects. (Fort Plain [N.Y.]) 1849-1854, Fultonville: Montgomery County Republican. She had been a resident of the Fort Plain, St. Johnsville area since 2007, previously residing in Cooperstown. 9 Center St. Saint Johnsville, NY 13452. (Fort Plain [N.Y.]) 1854-1866, Fort Plain: Mohawk Valley Register. She had been constantly supported with love from her family and friends. At GenealogyBank, we have made family research easy by digitizing more than 330 years worth of Fort Plain obituaries in our national newspaper database. and Montgomery County Advertiser. Inaccuracies and exaggerations were always common, so take the information detailed in them with a pinch of salt. There is a difference between death notices and obituaries, however. Vancouver considers plan to improve Fourth Plain safety by narrowing NewsBreak provides latest news, comment and analysis on celebrity obituaries and death in Fort Plain, NY. Amsterdam, Montgomery County : 1902-1974 New York State Library, Amsterdam Evening Recorder. Connect other family members mentioned in the death notice to confirm whole sections of your family tree. Canajoharie, Montgomery County : 1879-1943, The Canajoharie Radii and Tax-Payers' Journal. 434 Pictures. Barbara Jean Sanders - The Gloversville Leader Herald Recent Obituaries from The Leader-Herald Obituaries for Saturday, Jan. 1: Alyssa Cheyenne Parrino, 23, of Fort Plain Edward J. VanAllen, 63, of Gloversville Jill M. Wilson, 53, of Gloversville . You can also get some additional guidance by downloading the free Tips for Searching Titles guide. Visit the Adobe website to download the free Acrobat Reader. Many in the Fort Plain School community enjoyed having Mr. G as a gym teacher when they were children. Newspaper Clippings from the St. Johnsville Enterprise and News, 1931-1939, Saint Johnsville News. 05 Sep . Saint Johnsville, Montgomery County : 1918-1941 New York State Library, St. Johnsville Enterprise. STE 600 Naples, Florida 34108. TITLE editors often didnt fact-check spellings in the past. Browse Obituaries and Death Records in Fort Plain, New York Wayne L. Hudson Wilbur Van Schaick Debra A. Weaver This page shows only the 20 most recent obituaries in Fort Plain, New York. Last modified 4 hours ago. Houghtaling & Smith Funeral Home, Inc.:(518) 673-2233, | Gray-Houghtaling & Smith:(518) 993-3361, We encourage you to use our beautifully designed interactiveonline tributesto pay your respects.. Page 40. Pre-planning and pre-paying your funeral is one of the most thoughtful gifts you can give to your family. Barbara Jean Sanders Obituary (1939 - 2023) | Fort Plain, New York She also worked for . https://www.kilmerfuneralhome.com/memorials/michael-gifford/5150282/index.php, Lauren Crisman, Superintendent of Schools of genealogical research. Fort Plain obituaries, on the other hand, are dictated entirely by the family. Fort Plain Funeral Homes, funeral services & flowers in New York Browse a few memorial websites created for people from Fort Plain, NY on Ever Loved. Searching for Death Information: Tips on finding death certificates and obituaries. Browse through our vast selection of Remembrance Products. Fort Plain, Montgomery County : 1911-1940, Fort Plains NY Mohawk Valley Register 1854-1893, Mohawk Valley Register (Fort Plain, N.Y. : 1854) Fort Plain, Montgomery County : 1854-1866, Mohawk Valley Register (Fort Plain, N.Y. : 1870) Fort Plain, Montgomery County : 1870-1921, Mohawk Valley Register and Fort Plain Journal. 1. Little Falls in 1957. The Enterprise and News, Tri-County Press. She enjoyed gardening, quilting and spending time with family and friends. Prepare a personalized obituary for someone you loved.. Search Fort Plain obituaries and condolences, hosted by Echovita.com. Home; About Us. Patricia A. Diederichs, 80, of Dolgeville, New York, passed away peacefully on Saturday, February 18, 2022, at Alpine Rehabilitation and Nursing Center in Little Falls, New York. Fort Plain obituaries include personal information on the character of the deceased and the accomplishments to his/her name. (Amsterdam, N.Y.) 1902-1974, Amsterdam: Amsterdam Intelligencer. (Amsterdam, N.Y.) 1832-1834, Amsterdam: Recorder. Amsterdam, Montgomery County : 1894-1902 New York State Library, The Amsterdam Daily Democrat. How do you begin searching through our vast Fort Plain obituary archives? These snippets of information can confirm whether an ancestor belonged to your family and may also serve as foundations for additional research into your extended family. He was a highly decorated Vietnam war veteran and served in five combat tours in Vietnam as a helicopter door gunner. (Canajoharie, N.Y.) 1858-1863, Canajoharie: Canajoharie Radii. Together with her husband, Karl, they loved to travel together and even had the opportunity to travel to Egypt. Authorize the publication of the original written obituary with the accompanying photo. Receive obituaries from the city or cities of your choice. Perform searches by using common misspellings. Amsterdam, Montgomery County : 1879-1886, The Daily Democrat and Daily Recorder. Some of the most beneficial reasons to look into Courier-Standard-Enterprise local obituaries include: Explore the comprehensive records in our online database, and you'll gain access to almost 150 years of local history. She was born on her grandparent's farm on Marshville Road in the Town of Canajoharie on September 20, 1936. Fort Plain - Mrs. Barbara Jean Sanders, age 84, of Fort Plain, passed away peacefully, surrounded by family and friends, on Tuesday, February 21, 2023, in the St. Johnsville Rehabilitation. (Amsterdam, N.Y.) 1846-1854, Amsterdam: Amsterdam Star. Saint Johnsville, Montgomery County : 1969-1971 New York State Library. Create a new memorial website . Read More Published In Last Name "Reddy". For more information on how to locate offline newspapers, see our article on Locating Offline Newspapers. If you want to look up death notices alongside Fort Plain local newspaper obituaries, here are some tips on how to do it: Fort Plain obituary archives and death notices are invaluable sources of genealogical information. In fact, Fort Plain, NY newspaper articles originally published New York obituaries. Carl David Sumner . Older Fort Plain, New York local newspaper obituaries typically contained valuable pieces of family history. Trace your family history with the GenealogyBank database to begin growing your family tree. We take the hassle out of looking through the Fort Plain obituary archives. Obituaries & Tributes | Houghtaling & Smith Funeral Home, Inc. | Gr As family members typically wrote these, they tend to be relatively accurate. Saint Johnsville, Montgomery County : 1969-1971. (Fultonville, N.Y.) 1856-1916, Fultonville: Montgomery County Whig. River City: Proposed party barge will not impact environment Obits Index - Fort Plain, NY - RootsWeb Lorrie Keefe, age 87, of Little Falls, New York, passed away peacefully, on Friday, February 24, 2023, in the comfort of the Presbyterian home, surrounded by her family. 28 Feb Claude P. Hinkle LH Staff Obituaries Mayfield - Claude P. Hinkle, age 80, of Mayfield, died Saturday, February 25, 2023 at home. FORT WAYNE, Ind. Canajoharie, Montgomery County : 1943-1971 New York State Library, Canajoharie NY Courier 1878-1942 Fulton History, Canajoharie NY Courier Standard Enterprise 1975-1987 Fulton History, Canajoharie NY Radii 1863-1911 Fulton History, Canajoharie Radii (Canajoharie, N.Y. : 1877) Canajoharie, Montgomery County : 1877-1919 New York State Library, Courier-Standard-Enterprise. Canajoharie, Montgomery County : 1879-1943 New York State Library, The Canajoharie Radii and Tax-Payers' Journal. February 21, 2023 (St. Johnsville, N.Y.) 1918-1941. (Fultonville, N.Y.) 1851-1856, Fultonville: Montgomery Whig. Amsterdam, Montgomery County : 1974-1977 New York State Library, Amsterdam NY Daily Democrat and Recorder 1884-1974 Fulton History, Amsterdam recorder marriages and deaths, April 20, 1870 to April 10, 1872 WorldCat, Daily Democrat (Amsterdam, N.Y.) Amsterdam, Montgomery County : 1886-1893 New York State Library, Recorder 11/02/2013 to Current Genealogy Bank, The Amsterdam Daily Democrat and Evening Recorder. Fort Plain obituaries, unlike death records, contain detailed information about the person's life - not just the name and date of death. Amsterdam, Montgomery County : 1894-1902, The Amsterdam Daily Democrat. Saint Johnsville, Montgomery County : 1918-1941, St. Johnsville Enterprise. Fort Plain mourns the passing of Michael Lee Gifford, https://www.kilmerfuneralhome.com/memorials/michael-gifford/5150282/index.php, Leadership skill-building is on the agenda for FPHS student-athletes at Cooperstown conference, Computer Services Coordinator-School District. Remembering Fort Plain Junior-Senior High School - Legacy.com Older obituaries may not have listed your ancestors full name. Our thoughts are with his family and friends. Obituaries Enea Family Funeral in Fort Plain, NY. Fort Plain Central School mourns the passing of Michael Lee Gifford, who taught elementary physical education from 1969-1996, when he retired from the district. At GenealogyBank, we have made family research easy by digitizing more than 330 years' worth of Fort Plain obituaries in our national newspaper database. (Fonda, Montgomery County, N.Y.) 1864-1902, Fonda: Mohawk Valley Democrat. They are especially useful if you want to find out where one of your ancestors was buried. In fact, Fort Plain, NY newspaper articles originally published New York obituaries. She is also survived by 13 grandchildren; 16 great-grandchildren; and 4 nephews. Use multiple collections to fact-check any found records. NANCY K. CARTER (1936-2017) FORT PLAIN - Nancy K. (Borchert) Carter, 81, of 12 Wagner Street, Fort Plain, died on Friday December 1, 2017 at St. Mary's Hospital in Amsterdam, NY following a short illness. Death and marriage notices may appear earlier. USA (1,373,456) > New York (69,842) > Montgomery County (1,166) > Montgomery County County Newspapers and Obituaries (88), USA (1,373,456) > New York (69,842) > New York Newspapers and Obituaries (11,551) > Montgomery County Newspapers and Obituaries (88). Bev was a member of the Mayfield Central Presbyterian Church and its Bell Choir, the Daughters of the American Revolution and a former member of the Marine Corps. (84 years old). Some links and features on this site require the Adobe Acrobat Reader to view. Canajoharie, Montgomery County : 1977-1994 New York State Library, Death records compiled from the newspapers and other sources, original town records destroyed, Canajoharie, N.Y., 1863-1884 Family History Library, The Canajoharie Courier, Fort Plain Standard, Fort Plain Free Press, Mohawk Valley Register. When tracking down your ancestors, you need to be aware that mistakes were common. Looking up Courier-Standard-Enterprise obituaries in New York doesn't have to be difficult. Born on July 12, 1947, in Norfolk, Nebraska, he was the son of the late Hugh Sproule and Mylet Powley Sproule. Houghtaling & Smith Funeral Home, Inc.: (518) 673-2233 | Gray-Houghtaling & Smith: (518) 993-3361. Get started with GenealogyBank and start making connections today. Using these search techniques can also help you fact-check your findings to ensure you have the right person. Fort Plain mourns the passing of Michael Lee Gifford As a nurse, she worked for many years in the emergency room at Nyack Hospital and at the practice of Dr. E. Deland Battles in South Nyack. Amsterdam, Montgomery County : 1893-1894, Canajoharie Courier, Fort Plain Standard, St. Johnsville Enterprise. Bettina was a member of Sacred Heart Church in Tribes Hill. Visit the GenealogyBank Learning Center for tips and inspiration. Fort Plain, N.Y. 1854-03-23 to 1860-12-27 NYS Historic Newspapers, Montgomery Phoenix and Fort Plain Advertiser. Search for ancestors by their initials. Uncovering your family history can be difficult. RECENT OBITUARIES > Beverly E. Lorey Tuesday, February 28, 2023 Barbara J. Bramer Sunday, February 26, 2023 James D. Marotta Thursday, February 23, 2023 Peter A. Marshall Friday, February 24, 2023 Jorden Michael Wood Saturday, February 18, 2023 Cheryl L. Smith The Dempster records : selected newspaper clippings from the Enterprise and Record, St. Johnsville (NY) genealogy column 'Mohawk Valley Genealogy and History', 1935-1941. LDSGenealogy.com is privately owned and is not an official site of FamilySearch International or The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS). A memorial service will be held on Saturday, March 11th 2023 at 1:00 PM at the St. Paul's Lutheran Church (32 W Main St, St Johnsville, NY 13452). A lifelong resident of the area, Bettina graduated from Wilbur H. Lynch High School and went on to retire from St. Marys Hospital where she worked as a phlebotomist. She left us all in a better place because of her compassion, vision, and empathy. Courier-Standard-Enterprise Obituary Archives Search in Fort Plain, New Even though some people use the term interchangeably, they are two different things. Leave a condolence, share a memory, post a photo, light a candle and more! Fort Plain, New York Obituary Archive Search | GenealogyBank WorldCat, The Enterprise and News, Tri-County Press. Obituary of Lewis W. Reddy, Jr. Mr. Lewis W. Reddy, Jr., 97 formerly of Orchard Street, Fort Plain, NY died on February 16, 2023 at Ellis hospital. Information may not have been noted down correctly. Fort Plain, Montgomery County : 1841-1849, Radii (Fort Plain, N.Y.) Fort Plain, Montgomery County : 1849-1858, The Montgomery Phoenix. NOTE: Additional records that apply to Montgomery County are also on the New York Newspapers and Obituaries page. Discovering your family history previously involved traveling to various records offices and spending hours sifting through files. (Fonda, N.Y.) 1843-1864, Fonda: Mohawk Valley American. He also coached several sports. Later in her career, she also enjoyed working as a substitute school nurse through HFM, Perth - Joseph Kowalczyk, 92, of Perth, NY, passed away peacefully on Wednesday, March 1, 2023. Amsterdam, Montgomery County : 1879-1886 New York State Library, The Daily Democrat and Daily Recorder. BORN AND RAISED IN FRANCE - TRAVELED THE WORLD. Montgomery County NY Newspapers and Obituaries Yes, flower arrangements are fulfilled and delivered by local florists from Fort Plain. Funeral arrangement under the care ofENEA FAMILY FUNERAL HOMES, St.Paul's Lutheran Church 32 W Main St, St Johnsville, NY 13452, St. Paul's Lutheran Church 32 W Main St, St Johnsville, NY 13452. Saint Johnsville, Montgomery County : 1951-1954, St. Johnsville Enterprise and News. Obituaries. Born on December 29, 1951, in Watervliet, NY, she was the daughter to the late. (WANE) - A proposed party barge is continuing to be debated by the Fort Wayne City . Listed by The Estate Sale Company. (Fort Plain, N.Y.) 1841-1849, Fort Plain: Montgomery Phoenix. Death notices are formalized reports that someone has died. They describe the person, their life, and who they are. Find obituaries, funeral details, photos, stories, and more. Although some people use the terms interchangeably, theyre actually two different things. She enjoyed crafts of, Gloversville - Sally R. Clark, 82, of Gloversville, passed away March 1, 2023 after a long illness. Canajoharie, Montgomery County : 1971-1977, Canajoharie Courier, Fort Plain Standard. A plan to make one . Mr. Kowalczyk was employed as a truck driver for the Olbrychs Dairy and later as a school bus driver for Perth Central School. Work backward. Courier-Standard-Enterprise obits are an excellent source of information about those long-lost family members in Fort Plain, New York.. With the Courier-Standard-Enterprise obituary archives being one of the leading sources for uncovering your history in New York, it's important to know how to perform a Courier-Standard-Enterprise obituary . Obituaries for Dec. 25, 2021 to Jan. 1, 2022 Find an obituary, get service details, leave condolence messages or send flowers or gifts in memory of a loved one. 518-773-8272, Fonda - Bettina L. Schmaeh, 88, passed away on Wednesday, March 1, 2023, at home surrounded by her loving family. Know someone from Fort Plain who isn't listed? Saint Johnsville, Montgomery County : 1898-1918. Use any relatives mentioned in death notices to fact-check and uncover other sections of your family tree. Barbara Jean was born on January 25, 1939, in Little Falls, New York, the daughter of the late Ruth and Clarence Knowlton, of Fort Plain. Website (518) 568-2300. For a successful search of Courier-Standard-Enterprise obituaries, follow these tips: By implementing these strategies, you can go deeper with your research and uncover the ancestors you never knew you had. Mar 2, 3, 4. Saint Johnsville, Montgomery County : 1891-1918 New York State Library, St Johnsville NY Enterprise 1901-1972 Fulton History, St Johnsville NY News 1903-1925 Fulton History, St. Johnsville Enterprise & News. This section contains helpful information such as our current & pastobituaries as well as who to contact tosend flowers. You can click this link to create an obituary. Fort Plain, New York Obituary Archive Search | GenealogyBank - NewsBank Factcheck found records by searching through multiple collections on GenealogyBank. Funeral Homes & Cremation Services | Betz, Rossi, Bellinger & Stewa Browse through our vast selection of Remembrance Products. Amsterdam Evening Recorder and Daily Democrat. Obituaries are newspaper ads taken out by the family. Fort Plain, New York Online Obituaries | Ever Loved We encourage you to use our beautifully designed interactiveonline tributesto pay your respects.. Default; Distance; Rating; Name (A - Z) View all businesses that are OPEN 24 Hours. Search years from 2010 to today for obits, ancestry info. (Amsterdam, N.Y.) 1834-1846, Amsterdam: Mohawk Gazette. More than 95% of our online database cannot be accessed via any other platform. Most older obituaries will include some pieces of family information. (Fonda, N.Y.) 1855-1857, Fonda: Fonda Democrat. Fort Plain Junior-Senior High School Gray-Houghtaling & Smith Funeral Home - Fort Plain Monday, January 2, 2023 Add Photos 5 Memories Mary Hudyncia Obituary of Mary Hudyncia Miss Mary. River City lawyer: Proposed party barge will have no impact on Rivergreenway or flood plain. Inaccuracies and exaggerations were always common, so take the information detailed in them with a pinch of salt. Obituaries were generally published in about 1890 or later, though in some areas they were printed previously. The city of Vancouver is proposing major traffic changes to Fourth Plain Boulevard from F Street to Andresen Road. This website was produced by the Capital Region BOCES Communications Service, Albany, NY. Finding death notices in the Courier-Standard-Enterprise can be another vital source According to the US Newspaper Directory, the following newspapers were printed in this county, so there may be paper or microfilm copies available. Local obituaries for Fultonville, New York 39 Results Thursday, February 23, 2023 Add Photos Add a Memory Lucy M. Bellinger Obituary of Lucy M. Bellinger Fultonville - Lucy M. Bellinger, 98,.

Dr Shearer Eye Doctor, Articles F

Tags: No tags

Comments are closed.