[8], Administrative support for British service personnel in Germany and across continental Europe was delegated to United Kingdom Support Command (Germany), (UKSC(G)). What military bases are left in Germany? 1st/4th and 9th battalions of the Seaforths were with the Rhine Army in 1919. British Army Germany, is the superior institution under which the remaining installations of the British Forces Germany are organised after the completion of the withdrawal of the British Forces from Germany in February 2020. Chieftain: The British Army of the Rhine, provides a complete array of British equipment and maneuver units, from Chieftain and Challenger tanks through MCV-80 and Saxon APCs. TR. [78] The 21st Army Group headquarters also allocated three additional general transport companies to the British Second Army. as (hopefully) more information is found or supplied. During this advance it suffered 7,665 casualties and captured 78,108 prisoners. For this the British Second Army deployed 1,520 field and medium guns, and the US Ninth Army had 624 field and medium guns. We are pleased to announce that Eureka Miniatures UK will once again be attending the hugely popular SALUTE at ExCeL, London on Saturday 22nd April 2023. The problem had been foreseen, and replacements were available on the ordnance depots. British Army of the Rhine (post Second World War) . IF YOU WOULD PREFER TO STAY ANONYMOUS OR KEEP ALL CONTENTS PRIVATE PLEASE STATE THIS CLEARLY ON SUBMISSION: All rights reserved. [3] However, around 185 British Army personnel and 60 Ministry of Defence civilians will stay in Germany beyond 2020. Second Army's VIII, XII and XXX Corps drew their supplies from No. Likewise, French 2008 and Strachan 2000 have produced histories of the cultural attitudes of the British Army and how the institution relates to wider society. Demands for smoke generators exhausted the available stocks and generators were taken from the anti-aircraft gun positions around Antwerp. Twenty-five special vehicles were built in Army workshops to carry them. [77] A 370-metre (1,220ft) class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge was built at Venlo by the 15th GHQ Troops Engineers. As a result of this fire it was decided to remove camouflage from the oil storage tanks, because it was not effective against the V-2, and hampered fire fighting efforts. British logistics in the Western Allied invasion of Germany was the support of Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery's Anglo-Canadian 21st Army Group and the RAF Second Tactical Air Force operations in the Second World War from 8 January 1945 until the end of the war in Europe on 8 May 1945. [50], Because it was not anticipated that the advance would be rapid, it was not considered necessary to hold large stocks of petrol, oil and lubricants (POL) in the FMCs, but to ensure that vehicles moving to the assembly areas arrived with full tanks of fuel, a train loaded with petrol was sent to Nijmegen to allow them to be topped off. $35.86. By 9 February sections of the Nijmegen-Kranenburg road were under 46 centimetres (18in) of water. British Army Royal Engineers enaged in the building of The Freeman Bridge, The River Rhine, Dusseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Since the First Canadian Army did not hold large stocks at No. It was arranged that 40 tanks, 650 wheeled vehicles, 50 Bren gun carriers, and 3,700 personnel would disembark each day in Marseilles, where accommodation was provided for 10,000 troops in tents and 200 vehicles. Both were originally occupation forces in Germany, one after the First World War and the other after the Second World War. [44] For security reasons, troop movements had to be conducted at night. They had had better relations with the British than with the French, and they would have brought a measure of stability and prosperity in the difficult economic conditions of 1920s Germany. On the other hand, the 21st Army Group held sufficient stocks of POL to accede to a request from SHAEF to allocate 73,000 long tons (74,000t) of petrol for US use. this page. [66][76], At Gennep, the 6th Army Troops Engineers built a 312-metre (1,023ft) class 30 Bailey bridge using the piers and abutments of a demolished railway bridge. In addition to the storm boats, DUKWs, Buffaloes and Weasels,[62] there were also amphibious DD tanks. The aim was to re-establish patrols in these areas and flush out paramilitaries from urban bases. [6], Disbandment of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) and Royal Air Force Germany (RAFG) in 1994, following the end of the Cold War and the Options for Change defence review in the early 1990s, reduced the strength of the British Armed Forces in Germany by almost 30,000 with just one division (1st Armoured) remaining by the late 1990s,[7] concentrated in North Rhine-Westphalia. Home; About. The history of BAOR, then, is not simply a history of an army formation. [58], The next major operation was Operation Plunderthe assault crossing of the Rhine. 168 FMC area at Goch. + $18.23 shipping. 1945British Army Royal Engineers enaged in the building of The Freeman Bridge, The River Rhine, Dusseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The link was not copied. A German V-2 rocket scored a direct hit on the British POL installation at Antwerp on 19 January. Preparations were made to move it to a new site, but this was not required. The position gained along the Roer was then taken over by the US Ninth Army. [5], As the potential threat of Soviet invasion across the North German Plain into West Germany increased, BAOR became more responsible for the defence of West Germany than its occupation. Damaged vehicles on the east bank of the Rhine were collected at points near the river and transported back on rafts. A new type was flown out direct from the UK factory by priority air freight and fitted to the tanks. [28], It was estimated that seven line of communications sub area headquarters would be required to support the advance into Germany. [91], On 3 May an VIII Corps FMC at Lneburg was taken over by the Second Army and used as an advance roadhead in conjunction with No. WW2 MAPS OF BRUSSELS/BRUXELLES 1944 D/DAY ORIGINAL RARE. [55], Rising flood waters soon created difficulties. 14 Army Roadhead. The Oxford History of the British Army. [30], A large force of engineer units was assembled for the operation: 37,000 British and Canadian engineers and pioneers, and 22,000 American engineers. The longer shipping time meant that a working margin of 30 days' supplies was desirable instead of the one of 14 days for shipments from the United Kingdom. [65], The buildup of stocks for Operation Plunder commenced on 8 March. The object sank after being cut loose during an attempt to recover it, and the swimmer was captured. After an advance which was thoroughly resisted, the British formations, along with the Canadians and Americans advanced into the German counties of Nordrhein-Westfalen, Niedersachsen and Schleswig-Holstein . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. The Canadian historian, Charles Stacey noted that:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, Thus, throughout the campaign in North-West Europe, there was virtually no separate Canadian supply organization other than what existed within First Canadian Army itself. A broad look at the cultural attitudes of the British army and its relationship with wider society. Medium and heavy ammunition for units north of the Maas was stockpiled at Wijchen and that for those south of the Maas at Oss. 29th Division Entering Cologne 13 December 1918 Q 7220.jpg 641 800; 48 KB. Contains informative chapters on the precarious position of BAOR during the austerity years of 19461953 and of the contribution made by BAOR to conventional deterrence throughout the Cold War. To coordinate troop movements between the First Canadian Army and the British Second Army, a joint office known as "Grouping Control" was established. [10] Antwerp had sufficient capacity to support both the British and American forces, but its use was hampered by German V-weapon attacks. 616 Squadron RAF began operating Gloster Meteor jet fighters from Brussels, and they required kerosene. It closed in March 1994. There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}520734N 84059E / 52.12611N 8.68306E / 52.12611; 8.68306. Thank you. Barnett, Correlli. Despite the weather, all movements were completed as planned by 8 February. Successive London governments, though often faced with bitter public and military opposition, tasked the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) to serve as a protecting force while strengthening West German integration into the Western defense structure. To improve its combat effectiveness BAOR was equipped since the early 1960s with tactical nuclear weapons, and in so doing, became the first formation of the British army trained to fight and prevail on a nuclear battlefield. It drew fuel from Dungeness on the coast of Kent and transported it across the Strait of Dover to a terminal near Boulogne. percheron breeders near me; manchester public schools teacher contract; arizona cardinals schedule 2022 2023. chevy 350 compression ratio chart; matthew gunner ohanion Petrol, oil and lubricants (POL) was brought by ships and the Operation Pluto pipeline from the UK at a rate of 15,000 tonnes (15,000 long tons) per day, of which 3,000 tonnes (3,000 long tons) was over the pipelines, and delivered by barge and pipeline to the army roadheads. Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery's 21st Army Group consisted of the General Harry Crerar's First Canadian Army and Lieutenant General Sir Miles Dempsey's British Second Army. Due to the proximity of Rees, the VIII Corps Troops Engineers could not work on the "London" class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge until the afternoon of 25 March, and it was opened at 23:00 on 26 March. Please subscribe or login. The tracks of Sherman tanks were equipped with "duck bill" connectors to facilitate advancing across snow and soft ground. It was estimated that each could carry 7,000 vehicles per day under frozen conditions and 4,000 per day during a thaw. staff to a British Advanced Ordnance Depot. Moody, Simon J. Imagining Nuclear War in the British Army, 19451989. Find British Army Of The Rhine stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. [14] With the German offensive defeated, the US First Army reverted to American command on 18 January 1945,[15] but the US Ninth Army remained part of the 21st Army Group until 4 April. British Army of the Rhine - YouTube 0:00 / 58:47 British Army of the Rhine Ichioku 334 subscribers Subscribe 6.6K views 1 year ago BBC Documentary from 2012 (small edit to avoid. [47][48] Some 50 miles (80km) of new roads were built, and over 400 miles (640km) of roads were repaired, which required 64,000 tonnes (63,000 long tons). The corps sometimes had to send their transport back to the army roadheads to assist when major operations were required. [100], In the campaign in North West Europe in 1945, Montgomery sought to defeat Germany and ensure a prominent British role in the postwar political organisation of Europe. [70] Of the 610 tonnes (600 long tons) of supplies and equipment dropped, 80 per cent was recovered. At the rail stop there were messes and a kitchen that ran 24 hours a day. Tony Lord. [87] The 21st Army Group allocated an additional 2,190 tonnes (2,160 long tons) of road transport capacity to the Second Army between 27 March and 3 April. [28][29] Many of the tanks needed overhaul or modification and this task was beyond the resources of the 21st Army Group's REME units, so excess tanks were shipped to the UK. Instead, 18th GHQ Troops Engineers erected it the following day at a downstream site near the town of Honnopel. Army personnel will be permanently based in the country where the UK is retaining the 45-square mile Sennelager Training Area, which provides both UK and NATO forces with an expansive live firing. It became the primary formation controlling the British contribution to NATO after the formation of the alliance in 1949. Over 2.5 million rounds of 25-pounder ammunition were made available. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. [82][83], In the XXX Corps area, the engineer units were grouped under the 13th AGRE, under the command of Colonel F. C. The 21st Army Group instead became the British Army of the Rhine in August 1945. . A smoke screen concealed preparations on the west bank of the Rhine. After the assumption of government by civilians, it became the command formation for the troops in Germany only, rather than being responsible for administration as well. Both formations had areas of responsibility located around the German section of the River Rhine. The transfer involved 102,415 troops. 13 Army Roadhead while II Canadian Corps advanced on Oldenburg supported from No. The armoured divisions also carried a day's worth of AFV ration packs. [55][56][57], With Antwerp in operation, some supplies were now coming directly from the United States. [2] With the end of the Cold War, and the Options for Change defence review in the early 1990s, BFG as a whole was considerably reduced, with the British presence centred on the 1st Armoured Division, and supporting elements. [19] He intended to make the main Allied effort in the north, in the 21st Army Group's sector. [102] The 21st Army Group's logistical system proved capable of keeping the fighting men fed and supplied, whether in the awful weather conditions of Operation Veritable, or the fast-moving advance of the final drive beyond the Rhine.[104]. Fifteen minutes after the glider landings, there was a resupply mission flown by 240 Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers from the US Eighth Air Force. There were tactical, operational and political reasons for this: the best sites for a crossing of the Rhine were there;[20] a crossing in the north gave access to the North German Plain, where the terrain was good for mobile warfare, for which his Allied forces were particularly suited;[21] it offered a means of cutting off the Ruhr,[22] a major industrial region of Germany;[23] and it had the political advantage of involving the British and Canadians. Apart from the Alpine Training Centre Hubertus Haus in Oberstdorf, which is in Bavaria, British Army Germany is entirely based in North Rhine-Westphalia. [28][29], At the start of January 1945, British bulk storage facilities were more than sufficient to hold the thirty days' reserve of petrol, oil and lubricants (POL) that Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) stipulated should be held, but the American position was not so good. The Cold War has gotten hot and the 3rd Shock Army is approaching your dugout but how do you differentiate a BTR from a BMP? Branch British Army. Sixteen of the bombers were lost to anti-aircraft fire. Foster. Happily, we were posted to the British Army of the Rhine, in my case, to 282 (Welsh) Field Company, RE, in the 63rd (Welsh) Division. There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). Select from premium British Army Of The Rhine of the highest quality. Check 'British Army of the Rhine' translations into Italian. Contents 1 History Printer friendly. Start reading The British Army of the Rhine for free online and get access to an unlimited library of academic and non-fiction books on Perlego. [60], The engineer units in the XII Corps assault area were under 11th Army Group, Royal Engineers (AGRE), commanded by Colonel R. B. [28] Advance parties from each formation involved travelled by air from Florence, but most Operation Goldflake units moved by sea. Consequently, the daily pack trains that carried supplies were normally run straight through from the advanced base to the corps railheads, which were normally stocked on a commodity basis, and the roadheads supporting the First Canadian Army carried much less stock than its British Second Army counterparts. It did not remove the need from road transport entirely though, and XXX Corps found that the First Canadian Army was unable to provide any additional resources. 167 FMC was handed over to it, and became No. [72][97], As the German forces crumbled before the Allied onslaught, the numbers of German prisoners of war grew to the point where orders were issued on 1 May that no more prisoners should be sent west of the Rhine. The War Office found that it could provide another two field bakeries from the United Kingdom, along with three field butcheries that were already scheduled to be sent. Initially, bulk POL was brought across the Rhine in tanker trucks at the rate of 1,000 tonnes (1,000 long tons) per day. The British Army, Manpower, and Society into the Twenty-First Century. An Inter-Allied force of British, French and . Their feeding was the responsibility of the German civilian population, but the British Army had to release a large number of NAAFI packs to displaced persons. Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content on 14 Army Roadhead in the Sulingen area from No. During February 300,000 long tons (300,000t) of supplies were delivered to the XXX Corps railheads. The bank control groups controlled all movement from the marshalling areas on the near side of the Rhine to the dispersal areas on the far side. As was written earlier we are constantly searching for information, and adding or updating pages. [85] A semi-permanent class 40 bridge and a semi-permanent class 70 bridge were also built over the Ijssel at Zutphen. En 1961, il est affect au Royal Corps of Signals, et fair partie de la British Army of the Rhine. [16] However, some training will still be undertaken in Germany with regard to NATO capability. A large force of engineer units was assembled for the operation: 37,000 British and Canadian engineers and pioneers, and 22,000 American engineers. Although only 3,600 tonnes (3,500 long tons) of petrol was lost, POL storage tanks capable of holding 10,000 tonnes (10,000 long tons) were rendered unusable. Daily expenditure of ammunition soon exceeded a trainload, so the non-arrival of even one train meant that ammunition had to be drawn from the Second Army roadhead at Bourg Leopold. Garrisons which closed at this time included Soest (home of the 6th Armoured Brigade),[8] Soltau (home of the 7th Armoured Brigade)[9] and Minden (home of the 11th Armoured Brigade).[10]. Blaxland 1971 and Mallinson 2009, for example, have produced histories of the army which are not entirely dominated by narratives of counterinsurgency campaigns. [28], The 25th Garrison assumed control of the RMA on 2 April, allowing the 5th Line of Communications Sub Area to take over the western part of North Brabant, and the 101st Beach Sub Area, which became the 21st Line of Communications Sub Area, took over the territory west of the Maas. The average tonnage on the canal system rose steadily from 27,000 tonnes (27,000 long tons) in January to 35,000 tonnes (34,000 long tons) in February, 48,000 tonnes (47,000 long tons) in March and 56,000 tonnes (55,000 long tons) in April. 14 Army Roadhead. A sweeping review of four hundred years of British army history. This was after British forces personnel were scaled down over several years, with 19,100 in April 2010, and 2,850 in April 2019. British Army Germany was formed in 2020 to administer the remaining service personnel, UK Civil Servants, and dependents (family members), based in Germany.[2]. For nearly 70 years, generations would grow up on bases with special schools, shops, housing and even their own radio station, as parts of the Rhineland became little bubbles of Britishness. Evolution of the organisation of the 21st Army Group line of communications, British logistics in the Western Allied invasion of Germany, Development of the line of communications, British logistics in the Western Allied Invasion of Germany, Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation, British logistics in the Normandy campaign, British logistics in the Siegfried Line campaign, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Supply and Maintenance on the European Continent, Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War, XVIII Corps (Airborne), Operation the Elbe to the Baltic, 27 April 1945 to 3 May 1945, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_logistics_in_the_Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany&oldid=1141771057, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 18:30. The remaining RAF forces in Germany ceased to be a separate command, and instead became No 2 Group RAF, part of RAF Strike Command. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 16 Army Roadhead from railtails around Bocholt using captured rolling stock and locomotives. [4] German resistance was stubborn, and the British and Canadian advance much slower than planned until July,[5] when the American Operation Cobra broke through the German defences. These two photos were taken in late 1956 by Lab Tech Cpl Peter Elgar: [18], Eisenhower ordered Montgomery to resume his preparations for Operation Veritable, the objective of which was to defeat the German forces west of the Rhine. No. British Air Forces in Germany came under the command of RAF Germany. BMH Iserlohn was one of several BAOR (British Army Of The Rhine) army hospitals in Germany. Engineers soon had bridges over the Rhine in operation, which were then superseded by more permanent road and rail bridges. A problem was encountered when defects were discovered in the tensioners of the 29th Armoured Brigade's new Comet tanks. british army of the rhine bases. Another petrol depot arrived from Italy in April. This account will transfer to the new Comd British Army Germany, Col Tim Hill. [38] Operation Blackcock, a preliminary operation to clear German forces from the Roer Triangle, was carried out by the XII Corps in January 1945. Military Identities: The Regimental System, the British Army and the British People c.18702000. Information and history about the British Military Hospital in Munster along with photos of BMH Muster and the QAs. Three trains a day were run over this route under an arrangement with SHAEF and the American Military Railway Service. 12 and 14 Army Roadheads were being run down. A comprehensive history of the British army aimed at undergraduate students and the general reader. [60] In the three days preceding the assault, the three hundred and thirty six 25-pounders assigned to the XII Corps fired 225,061 rounds, the sixteen 4.5-inch guns fired 7,002 rounds, the one hundred and sixty 5.5-inch guns fired 69,607 rounds, the fifty two 155 mm howitzers fired 4,335 rounds, the sixteen 7.2-inch howitzer fired 3,964 rounds, and the two 8-inch howitzers 176 rounds. [63] Units participating in Operation Plunder were re-equipped before the start of the operation. Bulk demands for artillery equipment, clothing and general stores were sent periodically by the formation's R.C.O.C. Nottingham. CENTAG consisted, from north to south, of III GE Corps, V US Corps, VII US Corps, and II (GE) Corps in the extreme . Post war First Corps District administered Rhine Province and Westphalia. 12 Army Roadhead in the Rheine area commenced on 3 April, and the corps started drawing from it on 9 April. British Land Forces in Germany came under the command of the British Army of the Rhine. [47] Four main road routes were available for troop movements, utilising road bridges over the Maas at Grave, Mook and Ravenstein. Between 1945 and 1957, West Germany made a dizzying pivot from Nazi bastion to Britain's Cold War ally against the Soviet Union. The best introduction to the regimental system of the British army. The British Army of 19441945 was highly mechanised, which conferred great tactical and strategic manoeuvrability. It was originally composed of five corps, composed of two divisions each, plus a cavalry division:[1], IV Corps: Commanded by Sir Alexander Godley, VI Corps: Commanded by Sir Aylmer Haldane, IX Corps: Commanded by Sir Walter Braithwaite and later by Ivor Maxse, Cavalry Division (formed from 1st Cavalry Division). To simplify storage and handling, only ammunition for field, medium and heavy artillery was held at the Canadian FMCs, ammunition for all other weapons was stocked at No. Over the next 24 hours, 7,415 vehicles crossed the bridge. Meanwhile, the class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge at Xanten was erected by the 7th Army Troops Engineers in 31 hours, and opened to traffic at 16:30 on 25 March. 19191929. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. To secure the required transportation resources, eleven general transport companies, seven artillery transport platoons, a tank transporter company, a bulk petrol transport company, a petrol depot, a bridge company and an ambulance car company were transferred from Italy. For nearly 70 years, generations would grow up on bases with special schools, shops, housing and even their own radio station, as parts of the Rhineland became little bubbles of Britishness . The second British Army on the Rhine was formed on 25 August 1945 from 21st Army Group. It was therefore conducted over muddy and sometimes flooded ground, and roads were sometimes impassable even to four-wheel-drive vehicles. 2019 Ted Fund Donors The first troops sailed from Naples on the troop ship SS Esperance Bay on 22 February, and arrived at Marseilles two days later. By mid-March POL was arriving at a rate of 15,000 tonnes (15,000 long tons) per day, of which 3,000 tonnes (3,000 long tons) was coming over the Dumbo pipeline. Emmerich was taken on 1 April after a three-day battle to provide an additional bridgehead. [44], Thus far in the campaign in North West Europe, XXX Corps had only served as part of the British Second Army, and it found that maintenance procedures of the First Canadian Army differed from what it had been used to due to the fact that the First Canadian Army's operations had been conducted where there had been adequate communications. Includes a chapter on the activation of BAOR and its composition throughout the Cold War against the background of government defense reviews. The XXX Corps Troops Engineers commenced work on the "Lambeth" class 15 Bailey pontoon bridge at 15:00 on 24 March, but work was frequently interrupted by German fire, and the bridge was not opened until 08:30 on 26 March. [49] In the lead up to Operation Veritable, 446 special trains were run to the First Canadian Army railheads, delivering 349,356 tonnes (343,838 long tons) of supplies, of which around 227,000 tonnes (223,000 long tons) was for Operation Veritable. This involved prodigious use of ammunition, fuel and equipment, which in turn demanded a first-class military logistics system. Canadian units indented for warlike stores direct to their division's Ordnance Field Park, which carried stocks of spare parts for mechanical transport, small arms, armament, signal stores, and engineering equipment, as well as complete wireless sets and small arms. London: Bantam, 2009. Temperatures were as low as 15C (5F) on 26 January, resulting in firm, frozen ground, but a subsequent thaw caused widespread flooding, and by 5 February a section of the Turnhout-Eindhoven road had become impassable even to four-wheel-drive vehicles. The British Army of the Rhine was born in 1945 out of the British Liberation Army at the close of the war as the military government of the British zone of occupied Germany. Photo courtesy of RAMC Lab Tech Cpl Peter Elgar 1958. This page is a list of British Armies in WWII. They were then loaded into landing ships, tank (LSTs) that took them to Marseilles, and onto flat wagons again for the five-day railway journey to Dixmude. From 1922 the BAOR was organised into two brigades:[1], The second British Army of the Rhine was formed on 25 August 1945 from the British Liberation Army. Ammunition expenditure was prodigious, and a system of rationing had to be introduced. british army of the rhine bases. Five days before the operation began, the Navy asked for 40 more, which were provided. Includes a chapter on the creation of the postmodern regimental system between 1945 and 1970 against the backdrop of postwar austerity and the consequent reorganization and amalgamation of many regiments. The next major operation was Operation Plunderthe assault crossing of the Rhine on 23 March. Peter Walker. Positioned on the North German Plain, it is the command element of NATO's Northern Army Group (NORTHAG). For this the British Second Army deployed 1,520 field and medium guns, and the US Ninth Army had 624 field and medium guns. [59][60] Ammunition for the 25-pounders was based on 1,500 rounds per gun. Four trains a day passed through Gevrey-Chambertin, which handled 72,550 personnel and 4,035 trucks. It was also feared for a time that the skeleton FMC was in danger of being inundated, although it was sited on high ground. By 1945 the British Army was highly experienced, professional and proficient. By mid-May the 21st Army Group's reserves had been reduced by a quarter. To conserve scarce manpower, the British and Canadian forces employed mechanisation and materiel to maximum effect. It was the largest concentration of British armed forces permanently stationed outside the United Kingdom. 15 Army Roadhead. Chandler, David, and Ian Beckett, eds.
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