The alphabetical order is: a, , b, d, , e, , f, g, h, i, , j, k, l, m, n, o, , p, r, s, t, u, , v, y, , x, z, , , , /. A scholarly project focused on Tolkien from both a corpus linguistic and digital humanities perspective. The Old Norse dictionary below (from Viking Language 1) compiles everything you need to read the sagas in their original language. Weak Verbs: The weak verb class is given in Arabic numerals within parentheses. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norse harrr adj hard in council; ruthless; tyrannical, harskeytr adj hard shooting, of an archer, hausta <-a> vb (1) to draw near to autumn, Hkon <-ar> m Hakon (personal name); Hkon jarl Grjtgarsson m Earl Hakon, son of Grjotgard, Stone-Fence; Hkon Hlaajarl Hakon, Earl of Lade, Hlfdanr <-ar> m Halfdan (personal name); Hlfdanr svarti Halfdan the Black, 9th century Norwegian king and father of Harald Shaggyhair/Fairhair, hr adj high, tall, long; loud, HrmHigh, one of the three interrogators of King Gylfi, hsti n high-seat, throne, seat of honor, htt adv loudly; hafa htt make an outcry, hean (also han) adv from here, hence; hean af from now on, henceforth, Heinn (also Hinn) m Hedin (personal name); Hinn Hjarrandason m Hedin Hjarrandis son, hefja vb (VI)to lift up, raise, heave; hence to begin, esp hefja upp + acc [hefja upp kvi to begin to recite a poem]; to hold, open an event [hefja blt hold sacrifices, begin the season of sacrifices], hefna <-di, -dr> vb (2) [w gen] to avenge, take revenge, Heiarbr (also Heia(r)br)mHedeby (place name) trade center in Denmark, heiinn adj heathen, pagan, heir f heath, moor, Heirn m Heidrun, goat that gives mead in Valhll, heilagr adj holy; protected, heill adj hale, sound, healthy, unscathed; healed; blessed, happy; whole, complete, heim adv home, homeward (motion toward), Heimdallr <-s> m watchman god, who guards the rainbow-bridge; one of the sir, Heimskringla f Orb of the World, work by Snorri Sturluson, heimta <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to recover; claim, heita vb (VII) to call, give a name to; call, call on; (intrans w pres heitir) be called, be named; [w dat] promise, hel f Hel, realm of the dead, separate from Valhalla, and ruled over by a goddess of the same name; death; ljsta hel to strike into hel, heldr comp adv rather; [after neg] on the contrary; heldr vi aldr rather old, on in years, Helgadalr <-s> m Helgadal (place name) Helgis Valley, hella f flat stone, slate, hellusteinn m flat slab of rock, flagstone, helmingr m half; helminga in halves; equally, helzt superl adv most rather, most of all, henda vb (2) to catch, pick up, reach; henda [e-t] augum catch [sth]; henda mikit gaman at [e-u] take great interest in [sth], Hengjankjapta f Hengjankjapta, giantess killed by Thor, heppinn adj lucky, fortunate; Leifr inn heppni Leif the Lucky, hepta <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to bind, fetter; hold back, restrain, hera (also hra) n district, country, herar f pl shoulders, upper part of back, herja <-a-> vb (1) to raid, harry; make war, Herjlfsfjrr m Herjolfsfjord (place name), Herjlfs Fjord, Herjlfsnes n Herjolfsnes (place name), Herjolfs Headland, Herjlfssonar m gen of the son of Herjolf, Herlu-Bjarni Arnfinnsson m Herlu-Bjarni, son of Arnfinn (personal name), hersir <-is, -ar> m regional military leader in Norway; chieftain; hersins m sing gen of the leader, heygja <-i, -r> vb (2) to bury in a mound, Himinbjrg n pl Himinbjorg, place where Bifrst enters sgarr, himinn m sky; heaven, hingat (also hegat) adv to here, hither; hingat til hitherto, up to this time, until now, hinn dem pron the other one; hinn ftinn on the other foot, hirf kings or earls bodyguard; the kings men, retainers, hira <-ri, -rr> vb (2) to mind, care for, hide, conceal; keep in a box or chest, hirmar (pl hirmenn) m kings man, retainer, hitta <-tti, -ttr> vb (2) to meet with, hit upon; hit; hittask mid meet one another, HjararholtnHjardarholt, Herds Hill (place name), hj prep [w dat] by, near, beside; with, at ones place; in comparison with, hjlpa vb (III) [w dat] to help, save, hjrtr m hart, stag, hlaupa vb (VII) to leap, spring; run; hlaupa at [e-m] leap at, assault [sb], Hleiargarr m Hleiargard, the court of Hrolf kraki, Hleira (Hleir) m modern Lejre in Denmark; royal seat of king Hrolf Kraki, Hliskjlf f Hlidskjalf, the seat on which Odin sits in his hall Valaskjlf, Hlarendi m Hlidarendi, Slopes End (place name), hlf f shield, cover, protection, hlfa <-i, -t> vb (2) [w dat] to protect, shelter; show mercy, Hlfsteinn <-s> m Hlifstein (personal name), hljta vb (II) to be allocated, receive, hlutr <-ar, -ir> m lot; thing; share, allotment; part, hlja vb (VII) to laugh, hnga vb (I)to sink, fall gently, hnka <-i~ti, -r~tr> vb (2) to sit cowering, hnykkja <-ti, -tr> vb (2) [w dat] to pull violently, yank, hof n temple (frequently a name for a farm), holt n wood, forest; rough stony hill or ridge, hon pron she, horfa <-i, horft> vb (2) to turn, look (in a particular direction); horfa [e-t] look at [sth], hll (var of hvll) <-s, -ar> m hill, hillock, knoll, Hlmfastr <-s> m Holmfast (personal name), Hlmgarr <-s> m Holmgard (place name, modern Novgorod), Hlmgautr <-s> m Holmgaut (personal name), Hlmgeirr <-s> m Holmgeir (personal name), Hreimarr <-s> m Hreidmar (personal name); the father of Otr, Fafnir and Regin, Hringarki n Hringariki (place name) Ringerike, hr f time, while; storm or tempest; attack, battle; litla hr for a little while, Hrgeirr <-s> m Hrodgeir (personal name), Hrlfr <-s> m Hrolf (personal name); Hrlfr kraki Hrolf Kraki, legendary Danish king, hrsa <-a-> vb (1)[w dat] to praise; boast (of), Hrungnir <-s> m Hrungnir, giant killed by Thor with his hammer, Hrtsstair m Hrutsstadir (place name) Hruts Farmstead, hrynja vb (III) to fall, collapse; flow, stream; fall loosely (of clothing); ltum und honum hrynja lukla let keys jingle about him; hrynja hla [e-m] shut the door on [sb], hr n dead body, corpse, carrion, hra <-ddi, -ddr> vb (2)[w acc] to frighten; hrask mid be frightened; hrask [e-t] be afraid of [sth], hrkkva vb (VII) to fall back, recoil, hugr m mind; mood, heart, temper, hugsjkr adj distressed, anxious, worried, hundra n hundred (usu followed by noun in gen) (tlfrtt hundra = 120, trtt hundra = 100), hungr <-rs> m (n in younger texts) hunger; svelta hungri starve, die of hunger, hsbndi m husband; master of the house (from hs + bndi), hsfreyja (also hsfreyja) f housewife, lit house-lady, hskarlm servant,farmhand, houseman [house-carle]; kings man, retainer, follower, hvalnum dat sg w art hvalr + inum, the whale, hvalr m whale, hvar interrog adv where; hvar sem wherever, hvargi adv everywhere; hvargi sem wherever, wheresoever, hvass adj sharp, keen, hvll (also hll) <-s, -ar> m hill, hillock, knoll, hvrgi adj pron neither (of two); conj hvrkin neithernor, hvrr interrog pron who, which (of two); indef pron each (of two), hvrt interrog adv whether; hvrt sem~hvrt er conj whether, hveim dat of a defective pron to whom, for whom, hverfa vb (III)to be lost, be missing; disappear, Hvergelmir m Hvergelmir Seething Well, home of Nihggr and source of the rivers in Niflheimr, hvergi (also hverrgi) pron each, every one, hvergi (also hverrgi) adv nowhere; [w gen] nowhere on; hverrgi var nowhere was, hverr interrog pron who?, which? Read here about ONP's: history, printed publications, orthography, user's guide, abbreviations and symbols. google_ad_client = "pub-9241470791040687"; Old Norse Keyboard Guide (macOS) | Digital Tolkien Project Old Norse Keyboard Guide (macOS) It is not necessary to download any special keyboard to enter Old Norse on macOS. Adjectives: the strong masculine accusative singular is given to indicate a stem-final -j- or -v- or syncope (loss of vowel). U+1D9E MODIFIER LETTER SMALL ETH is used in phonetic transcription. Sunday - honoring Sunna, Norse goddess of the sun. Old Norse was a North Germanic language once spoken in Scandinavia, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and in parts of Russia, France and the British Isles and Ireland. Vrmlandic, Jules William Press was founded in 2013 to address the needs of modern students, teachers, and self-learners for accessible and affordable Old Norse texts. A god is named Thor. Specify in the selection box to the bottom of the virtual keyboard, your keyboard key mapping to be able to use it to input your text. Some entries are labeled defective, meaning they lack a full set of forms in the extant sources. However, it is usually accepted that the sir (including inn, r and Tr) were warrior gods, while . Apple has provided additional keyboards which allow you to enter Old English characters via Unicode. It is a North Germanic Language once spoken in Iceland, Greenland, and some areas of Russia and France. Cimbrian, It was the language of the Vikings or Norsemen. In Icelandic, , called "e", represents a voiced dental fricative [], which is the same as the th in English that, but it never appears as the first letter of a word. Elder Fuark: ( ) He is very strong and often angry. Neither nor were found in the earliest records of Old English. He drives the carriage through the sky. Translations from dictionary English - Old Norse, definitions, grammar. There are no extra functions that can confuse you. Mjlnir - a tribal font inspired by the nordic runes and the viking era. A study of Mercian royal diplomas found that (along with ) began to emerge in the early 8th century, with becoming strongly preferred by the 780s. rr ok vagn er flgr. New Fuork: ( ) Go to your system settings . Verbs and prepositions take their objects in various cases, depending on sometimes unpredictable usage. Linear B, Anatolian scripts, Coptic, Cypriot, Brahmi, Old Persian cuneiform: By Posted schefflera arboricola pruning In marthe brenne legger seg flat. Aman. Unique Female Names From The Viking Age In this game, you will be able to solve two problems: study Old Norse, as well as translate words. (Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights). In Glosbe you will find translations from English into Old Norse coming from various sources. Pennsylvania German, Here is an example: Helm of Awe (Old Norse gishjalmr), Viking Compass (Icelandic: Vegvsir), and Troll Cross are among the most famous symbols in the modern culture associated with Norse mythology. The Runic Alphabet was made for carving in stone, but you can use an Icelandic keyboard or why not an ordinary English one, using the Latin letters to write down their form of Norse since Middle English times, when writing was done in Latin and French mostly, and less in Old English and Norse. The experts from PaperHelp think that learning the Old Norse language is a source for any paper writing. activate the U.S. international keyboard. AD 1000. Tuerai 7 yr. ago This works for me, but ONLY typed inside CK2, pasting it always pastes the wrong characters for me. Older versions might use ALT+SHIFT. Faer uor som ast i himlm, halga ware it nama. Old Norse is a catch-all term for Old Icelandic, Old Norwegian, Old Swedish, Old Danish, and Old Gotlandic, though it is often used as a synonym for Old Icelandic because the majority of documents come from this region. Old Iceland texts preserve mythological and heroic poetry, such as the Poetic Edda, skaldic poetry, and medieval sagas. If you use long marks, Unicode (utf-8) is the required encoding for Web sites. Documents The earliest documents from the Scandinavian speaking area are runic insciptions. ra vb (VII) [w dat] to advise, counsel; rule, govern, manage; r lndum ruled over (his) lands; at var rit it was decided; ra at + dat attack r at hskrlum Flosa attacked Flosis men; ra fyrir [e-u] rule over [sth]; ra um vi [e-t] deliberate or think about [sth]; ragr f council; eiga ragr take council, Refr <-s> m Ref (personal name) Fox; Refr inn raui Ref the Red, Refsstair m pl Refsstadir (place name) Refs Farmstead, regin n pl (divine) powers, gods, Reginn <-s> m Regin; son of Hreidmar, brother of Ffnir the dragon, rei f vehicle, wagon, carriage, cart, or chariot; ride, the act of riding, reiask <-ddi, -ddr> vb (2) to become angry, reiifanger, wrath; af reii in anger, out of anger, reisa <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to raise; lta reisa stein have a stone raised, reka vb (V) to drive, herd; drive onto shore, wreck; [w gen] take vengeance for; reka spor follow tracks or footprints, reki m driftage, a thing drifted ashore, wreck, rekja vb (3) to track, trace, renna vb (III) intrans to run, flee; put to flight; melt, renna <-di, -dr> vb (2) trans to make/let run; twart, reyr f rorqual, large baleen whale, Reykjanes n Reykjanes (place name), Smokey Peninsula, Reykjarvk f Reykjavik, Smokey Bay (modern Reykjavk), reyna <-di, -dr> vb (2) to try, prove; experience, rtt adv directly, straight; exactly, precisely; rightly, correctly; from adj rttr, rttr adj straight; correct, right, just, rif n rib; reef (in the sea), Rifsker n Rifsker (place name), Rocky or Rib Reef, rista (also rsta) <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to cut, carve, engrave, ra vb (I) to ride, rki n power; realm; kingdom, rkismar (pl rkismenn) m great man, prominent man, wealthy man, man of power, rsa vb (I) to arise, rise, stand up; rsa upp rise up, get up, rsta vb (I) to cut; carve, engrave; carve, form by carving; lta rsta rnar have runes carved, rta vb (I) to write; scratch, cut, rja vb (II) to redden, rjfa vb (II) to break, rip; break a hole in; rjfa sttml break an agreement or truce; (impers) rfr verit the weather clears, Robertr lngumspai <-s> m Robert Longsword, ra vb (VII) to row, rr m rowing, pulling, rta <-a-> vb (1) [w dat] to throw into disorder; rta [e-u] sundr knock [sth] apart, rn f secret, mystery; rune, a letter in the runic futhark, rna <-di, -dr ~ -ti, -tr> vb (2) to rob, steal, plunder; rna [e-n] [e-t] rob [sb] of [sth], ra <-ddi, -ddr> vb (2) to speak; converse, discuss, Rgnvaldr <-s~ar> m Rognvald (personal name), rskr adj sturdy, vigorous, brave, rst f unit of distance between two resting places (perhaps equivalent to the Old Scandinavian mile), saga f what is said, story, saga, tale, legend, history; saga til [e-s] a story about [sth]; n vkr sgunni now it [the subject] in the saga moves, sakna <-a> vb (1) [w gen] to miss, feel the loss of, salr m hall, samfr f (usu in pl) relationship, marriage, samr adj pron same; ina smu ntt on the same night; it sama the same, likewise, sautjn (also sjautjn) num seventeen, s vb (VII) to sow, segja vb (3) to say; segja fr [e-u] reveal, tell about [sth]; segja [e-m] til [e-s] tell, inform [sb] of [sth]; segja til sn give ones name, sekr adj guilty; convicted, condemned to outlawry; gera [e-n] sekan condemn [sb] to outlawry, selja <-di, -dr> vb (2) to hand over to another; sell; seljast mid give oneself up, sem rel particle who, which, that; conj as; [w superl] as as possible; where, setja <-tti, -ttr> vb (2) to set, seat, place; setja til rkis put in power; setja at [e-m] attack [sb];setja push; setja saman set up, put together; setja upp set, stand up; setja vi prepare; setjask mid seat oneself, sit, sextn num sixteen, s 1/3sg & 3pl pres subjunct of vera (see also sj, sga), sia <-a-> vb (2) to get people to conduct themselves properly; to introduce order; to convert (to Christianity), siar ppart of sia (m nom sg), behaved, mannered, SigfairmVictory-father, a name for inn, Sighvatr <-s> m Sighvat (personal name); Sighvatr inn raui Sighvat the Red, Sigrr f Sigrid (personal name), Sigtryggr <-s> m Sigtrygg (personal name), Sigurr <-ar> m Sigurd (personal name); Sigurr slefa Sigurd the Slobberer, sik refl acc pron him-/her-/it-/oneself, themselves; undir sik under himself, Silfrintoppr m Silfrintopp (mythological name) Silver-Tuft or Silver-Mane, horse of the sir, sinn n time (of repetition); eitt sinn one time; einu sinni once; hvert sinn every, sinn refl poss pron his, her, its, their own, sitja vb (V) to sit; reside, sr adj long, low-hanging, sga vb (I) to sink gently down; glide, move slowly, Sreksstair m pl Sireksstadir (place name) Sireks Farmstead, sj vb (V) to see, look; understand; sj [e-m] look upon [sb], Sjland n Zealand, Sjlland in modern Danish (place name), sjlfr adj pron self, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, sjvarafli m catch of fish, bounty of the sea, sjnhverfing f optical illusion (caused by a spell), sjr m sea; fyrir ofan sj above the waterline, skafa vb (VI) toscrape, shave, skaka vb (VI) to shake, skalat = skal + -(a)t; shall not, -(a)t is a negative suffix, Skalla-Grmr <-s> m Skalla-Grim, Bald-Grim (personal name), skammt adv short distance, not far (place), skapa <-a-; skepr, skp, skpu, skapinn> vb (wk/str 1/VI)to shape, form, make, create, skapt n handle, shaft; hvu skapti on a long shaft, skarpr adj scorched, pinched, chafing, Skney f Skne, Denmark (place name), now part of Sweden, sker n skerry, isolated rock sticking out of the sea, skemar (alsoskmar)<-manns, -menn>mimpostor; hypocrite, skera vb (IV) to cut, skilja <-di~i, skilir~skildr~skilinn> vb (2) to part, separate, divide; understand; skilr um [e-t] impers they fall out over, differ, disagree about [sth]; skiljask mid separate, part from each other, skillingr <-s, -ar> m shilling, i.e., piece of money; pl money, Skinna-Bjrn m Bjorn Fur-Skins (personal name), skipa <-a-> vb (2) to arrange, array; man, occupy, skipfr f voyage, sailing, passage of a ship, skipta <-ti, -tr> vb (2) [w dat] to divide; share; change, sk n ski, piece of wood; sk Atals grundar ski of the land of Atal (kenning for ship), skna vb (I)to shine, skjlfa vb (III) to tremble, shake, skjta vb (II) to shoot, skjtari comp adj of skjtr quicker, swifter, skjldr m shield, Skjldr m Skjold (personal name), SkollmSkoll, the wolf that pursues the sun, skorta <-ti, -t> vb (2) to be lacking to one; [e-n] skortir [e-t] [sb] is short of [sth], skr m shoe, skra vb (I) to crawl, Skrlingr <-s, -ar~-jar> m term referring to natives of North America and Greenland (derogatory), Skuld f Skuld (mythological name,) Debt, that which should become, one of the three Norns, skulu pret-pres vb shall (obligation, purpose, necessity, fate); should, skurr <-ar, -ir> m cutting, slice; a trench; the flensing of a whale, Sktaar-Skeggi m Skeggi of Skutad (personal name), skyld f tax, due; incumbrance (on an estate); reason, sake, skyldr adj bound, obliged; due; urgent; related by kinship, skyldi 3sg past & 3sg/pl past subjunct of skulu/skyldu, skynda <-di, -dr> vb (2)[w dat] to hurry, hasten, skynja <-a-> vb (1) to perceive, make out, understand, Skfnungr (also Skflungr) m Skofnung, possibly Shin Bone, the name of King Hrolfs sword, skkull m harness, skrungr <-s, -ar> m notable man or woman, leader, sl vb (VI) to strike; forge, slefafsaliva, slobber; slobberer (nickname), sleikja <-i- / -ti-, -r- / -tr-> vb (2) to lick, sleppa vb (III) to slip; escape, slip away; fail, slip up, slrar (also slrir) f pl sheath, scabbard, slngva (also slngva) f sling, sma <-a-> vb to create, make, build, erect; forge; work in wood or metal, smjga vb (II) to creep through an opening; pierce, Smjrvatnsheir f Smjorvatnsheid (place name), Butter-Lake Heath, sneia <-ddi, -ddr> vb (2) to slice; glance off, snemma (also snimma) adv early, snerta vb (III) to touch; concern, sna vb (VII) to turn; twist, plait, braid; snask til turn oneself to, sofa vb (IV) to sleep, sofna <-a-> vb (1) to fall asleep; vera sofnar have fallen asleep, sokkr <-s, -ar> m sock, stocking; einir sokkar a pair of socks, sonargjld n pl wergeld, ransom, or compensation for a dead son, sonr m son, spakara comp adv of adj spakr more wisely, spakr adj wise, sp <-i, spt> vb (2)to prophesy, fortell, spnn (also spnn) m chip, shaving; spoon, spilla <-ti, -tr> vb (2) [w dat] to spoil, destroy, spillirmspoiler; spillir bauga spoiler of rings, generous prince, spinna vb (III)to spin, sporntrack, trail, footprint; step, foothold, spretta vb (III) to spring up, burst forth; start, spring; sprout, springa vb (III) to jump, spring; issue forth; burst; die from overexertion or grief, spyrja vb (3) to ask; hear, hear of, learn, be informed of, find out; spyrja til [e-s] have news of [sb], learn of [sb]; spyrja [e-n] at [e-u] ask [sb] about [sth]; spyrjask mid, staddr (ppart of steja) placed, present; situated, star m stead, parcel of land; place, spot; abode, dwelling, stafr m wooden staff, stick; pole, timber, standa vb (VII) to stand; stay, remain; stand, stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; standa af [e-u] be caused by [sth]; standa undir [e-u] be subject to [sth]; standa undir [e-t] support, approve of [sth]; standa vi [e-u] withstand [sth]; standa yfir last, stanga <-a-> vb (1) to ram, (head)butt, gore (of cattle); stangask mid butt each other, steja <-ddi, -ddr> vb (2) to stop; fix, settle, stefna <-di, -dr> vb (2) to aim at, go in a certain direction; call, call together, summon, stefna f direction, course; meeting; appointment; summons, Steinbjrn m Steinbjorn, Stone-Bear (personal name), steinn <-s, -ar> m stone; cave or stone dwelling; poet precious stone, jewel, steint ppart of steina; steint mjk fully painted, stela (IV) vb tosteal, sterkr adj strong, Stiklastair m pl Stiklastad (place name), stikublgr m stick-gazer, miser (nickname), stirr adj stiff, rigid; harsh, severe, stga vb (I) to step, tread; stga hest mount a horse, stjarna f star, stjrna <-a> vb (1) [w dat] to rule over, govern, command, stofa f stove room, a room in a long house, secondary to the eldaskli and warmed by a stove of flat stones; served as a living room, where women worked the looms, families sat in the evenings, and feasts were held, stokkr <-s, -ar> m trunk or log of wood; wooden beam; base under an anvil, stll <-s, -ar> m stool, chair; bishops see; kings throne or residence, stlkonungr <-s, -ar> m throne-king, emperor, strlti n pride; overbearing; liberality, strr adj big, strandhggnshore raid, piracy; hggva strandhgg engage in piracy, Strandir f pl Strandir (place name), the Strands, straumr m stream, strengja <-da, -dr> vb (2) to swear solemnly; string tight, strjka vb (II) to stroke, rub, wipe; caress; smooth, brush, strnd f strand, coast, shore; border, edge, stundum stundum conj sometimes sometimes, at times at times, stra <-i, -t> vb (4)[w dat] to steer, command; rule, govern; manage, strimar (pl strimenn) m captain, steersman, stlinum = stli + inum, dat sg of stull, stull m milking pen (for cows), stkkva vb (III) to spring, burst, leap; be sprinkled, stng f staff, pole, Sureyjarfpl the Hebrides (from a Norwegian perspective, lit the South Isles), Suri m Sudri (mythological name) South, dwarf who holds up the sky, Surmar m South-man, southerner; a German, a Saxon, sumar n summer; um sumarit in the summer; hvert sumar every summer, sundfrr adj able to swim; sundfrr of s sea-worthy, lit able to swim over the sea, s f sg dem of s that (one), spa vb (II) to sip, drink; take a sip, Svartlfheimr mSvartalfheim (mythological name) world of the dark elves, sv adv so, thus; such; then; so (denoting degree); sv at such that, with the result that; sv sem so as, as; sv mikill at so great, sveinn <-s, -ar> m boy, lad; servant; page, Sveinn tjguskegg m Svein Forkbeard, king of Denmark (9871014), sveit f group or body of men; troop, band, company; region, district, svelgja vb (III) ti swallow, svelta [w dat] vb (III) to starve, die (of starvation); suffer hunger; svelta hungri die of hunger, sverja vb (VI) swear (an oath), svimma vb (III) to swim, svipta <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to sweep; throw, fling, sva vb (I) to singe, burn, svkja vb (I) to betray, deceive, cheat, defraud, Svvr f Svivor, a giantess killed by Thor, syngja (also syngva) vb (III) to sing, systir f sister, sna <-di, -dr> vb (2) to show; snask mid seem, appear, shafa indecl adj sea-tossed, driven off ones course; vera shafa be driven off-course, Shrmnir m Shrimnir, the boar who feeds the warriors in Valhll, sll adj fortunate, happy, sr m sea, sta <-tta, -tt> vb (4) [w dat] to wait in ambush, waylay; undergo, suffer; bring about, cause, stt f settlement, reconciliation, atonement, agreement; at stt as atonement, stta <-tti, -ttr> vb (2) to reconcile; make peace among; sttask mid come to terms, settle, agree, be reconciled, skja vb (3) to seek; pursue; skja til [e-s] seek out [sb], sk f cause, reason, sake; fyrir [e-s] sakar on account of, because of [sth], skkva vb (III) to sink, smu str n dat sg, wk f acc/dat/gen sg & all wk nom/acc/gen pl of samr, taka vb (VI) to take, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp; reach, touch; [w inf] begin; impers [e-t] taka af [sth] comes loose, comes off; [sth] ceases; taka arf inherit; taka [e-t] [e-u] touch [sth] with [sth]; taka [e-m] fegins hendi receive [sb] gladfully, joyfully; taka sundr cut asunder; taka hafi take to sea; taka [e-n] hndum seize or capture [sb]; taka upp [e-t] pick up [sth]; taka vi [e-m] take in, receive, or welcome [sb] into ones house; taka vi [e-u] receive, take possession of, acquire, inherit [sth]; taka til begin; takask mid begin; take place; behave takask til happen, tala <-a-> vb (1) to talk, speak; tala vi [e-n] speak to [sb], Tanngnjstr m Tooth Gnasher, one of the goats that pulls Thors chariot, Tanngrisnir m Snarl Tooth, one of the goats that pulls Thors chariot, telgja <-i, -r>vb (2) to shape, hew, carve, cut, telja vb (3) to count; reckon, consider, temja vb (3)to tame; train, exercise, tigr m ten; a decade, til prep [w gen] to; till; for (of use); for (of object, intention); with respect to ;alt er til vpna var everything that could be used as a missle; brjta legg til mergjar break a leg to get at the marrow; til vista var eigi gott they were not well off for provisions, tara comp adv of ttt more frequently, more quickly, tast superl adv of ttt, quickest, most frequent; sem tast immediately, tindi (also tendi) n pl news, events, tidings, tvarmpl gods (plural only, in poetic usage), tjaldatppart of tjalda, tented; Skipit flaut tjaldat The ship floated tented [with a sail cloth over the mast serving as a tent], topt <-ir> f homestead; the walls or foundations of a (former) building, tlfrr adj counted by twelves, twelve tens, tr n tree; wood, troa vb (V) to tread; cram, pack; troask mid crowd upon each other, troll (also trll) n monstrous inhuman creature; human with troll characteristics, tra (also tr)
f faith, word of honor; (religious) belief, tungaftongue; language, tongue; tongue of land at the meeting of two rivers, tuttugu num twenty, tn n enclosure, farmstead; hayfield, homefield; poet dwellings, precincts, tveir num two, typpa <-ti~typi, -tr~typr> vb (2) to top, crown, tja <3sg pres tr, 3sg past ti> vb (2) to do, work; [w dat] help, assist; impers avail, ti ekki it was of no avail, tna <-di, -dr> vb to lose, forget, mistake; tnask mid to perish, tnn f tooth, um prep [w acc] about; around; across; for, because of; beyond; during, for, in, by (time); [w datin poetic and older texts] over; by, in (time); [w vb of motion] over, past, beyond, across; um alla hluti in every way; fram um or um fram [w vb of motion] on past, up beyond, out over; um dag one day; um ntr by night; um sumarit during the summer; um fram adv in addition; um sinnsakar for this once, um adv, pre-verbal particle (untranslatable, but carrying connotation of completion), umhverfis prep [w acc] round, all around; adv there about, all around, una <-i/di, unat, subjunct yni> vb (4) to be content in a place; to like/be satisfied Gullharaldr undi miklu verr enn r GullHarald liked this much less than before; enjoy, be happy, be content with a thing unu eir ar litla hr they were content there only a little while; eir undu illa snum hlut they very much disliked their lot; dwell, stay, abide, live at; [w dat], undan prep [w dat] from under, from beneath; away from; just off, near to, undir (also und) prep [w acc/dat] under, underneath; [w dat] under, depending on; undir sr with him, undirhyggjumar m guileful or deceitul person, ungr adj young, unna pret-pres vb togrant, allow, bestow; [w dat] love; unna [e-m] [e-s] let [sb] have [sth], Unnr (also Ur) f Unn (personal name), uppi adv up (position); vera uppi live, last, upplenzkr adj of or pertaining to the Uplands (Norwegian highlands), Upplnd n pl Uplands (place name) Norwegian highlands, Urarbrunnr m Urdarbrunn, the Well of Fate, Urr f Urd, Fate, that which should become, one of the three Norns, uxi (also oxi) m ox, t adv out, outward (motion toward), out to Iceland, tan adv from outside; from abroad, from Iceland, from without; (without motion) outside, tanverr adj outward, outside, outer part of, tgarr m Utgard, the Outer Enclosures, the home of the giants (place name), ti adv out (place), outside, out-of-doors, vaa vb (VI) wade (through water); rush (at an opponent), vakna <-a-> intrans vb (1) to awake, get up, Valaskjlf f Valaskjalf, Odins silver-roofed hall, Valdres n Valdres, highland region in Norway, Valir m pl inhabitants (esp Celtic) of France, valr m corpses on the battlefield, the slain, vandaml n complicated case, difficult matter, Vanir m pl one of the two major groups of gods, vanr adj accustomed, wont; vanr [e-u] accustomed to [sth]; usual, varveita <-tta, -ttr> vb (2)to keep, preserve, watch, defend, varr adj aware; cautious, wary, vas (older form of var) 1/3sg past of vera, vatn n water, fresh water; lake, vaxa vb (VI) to grow, vgskorinn ppart vgr + skorinn, bay-cut, with bays or inlets, vn f hope, expectation, prospect, vndr adj (qualitatively) bad, wretched; (morally) bad, wicked, vpndjarfr adj fearless, gallant, daring in battle; inn vpndjarfasti the most fearless in battle, Vr f perhaps a goddess associated with pledges; Vrar hendi by the hand of Var, Verflnir m Vedrfolnir, the hawk which sits between the eyes of the eagle atop Yggdrasill, vefa vb (IV) to weave, vega vb (V) to kill, slay; fight, veggr m wall, vegr m way, road; mode, manner; direction; side, veir f hunting, fishing, catch, veita <-tti, -ttr> vb (2) to grant, give, offer; assist; veita [e-m] atgngu attack [sb]; veita [e-m] atlgu attack [sb]; veita atrr set out rowing (toward); [e-m] veita betr [sb] has the better of it; veita tilkall make a claim, veiztu = veizt 2sg pres of vita, you know, vekja trans vb (3) to wake, awake; vekja [e-n] upp wake [sb] up, vel adv well; very; vel at sr gifted, capable, vera vb (V) to be; last; vera fyrir lead; vera ar fyrir be there present; vera vel at kominn be welcome; vera vi be present, take part in, vera vb (III) tobecome, happen; have to; vera at [e-u] become [sth]; vera at grjti turn to stone; vera at stt reconcile; vera shafa be driven off-course (when sailing), Verandi f Verdandi (mythological name) Becoming or Happening, one of the three norns, verr adj [w gen] worthy; verr [e-s] worthy of [sth], verja defend, verja [e-u] keep [sth] away; verjask mid defend oneself, verpa vb (III) to throw, verr <-s, -ar> m [poet] husband; [pl] men, verst superl adv of illa worst; sem verst as bad as it can be, as bad as possible, verstr superl adj of illr and vndr worst, vestr n west; adv westward, vestr um haf, west over the ocean (to Britain), Vestri m Vestri (mythological name) dwarf who holds up the sky, Vestribygg f Western Settlement (place name), part of Norse Greenland, Vestrlnd n pl the Weslands, the British Isles and France, vestrvegir m pl the west, i.e., toward the British Isles and beyond, lit the western ways, vetr m winter; um vetrinn for the winter, V m son of Bor and Bestla, brother of Odin, vla <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to defraud, betray, seduce, vi prep [w acc] with; at, by, close to; according to, after; [w dat] against; toward; with; in exchange for, for, viartaug f flexible and tough twig, vir m tree; forest, wood; timber, vitaka f reception, Vilhjlmr m William (personal name); Vilhjlmr bastarr m William the Conqueror, illegitimate son of Robert Longsword, Vili m Vili, son of Bor and Bestla, brother of Odin, vilja <2/3sg pres vill, vildi, viljat> vb (4) to wish, want, vintta f friendship (esp a sincere, personal friendship), vinda vb (III) totwist, wring, squeeze; wind, hoist; turn, swing; vindask mid make a sudden movement, turn oneself away, vinfenginfriendship (esp a contractual alliance), vingr adj good towards ones friends, friendly, Vinglf n Vingolf, Friendly Quarters; one of the halls of the gods where righteous men go after death, vinna vb (III) to gain, win; work; perform, accomplish; vinna herskap [e-m] win battles against [sb]; mid vinnask win or gain for oneself; s at at in var unnnin they saw that the river was taken, vira <-i, -r> vb (2) to evaluate, value, appaise, vista <-a-> trans vb (1) lodge, find lodging, furnish with food and provisions; vistask mid intrans lodge, take up lodging, stay, vitnsense, wit, intelligence, understanding, vit pron we (dual), vita pret-pres vb toknow; vita fram or vita fyrir know the future, foresee, vitja <-a-> vb (1) [w gen] to go to a place; visit, vitr adj wise, intelligent, vitrastr superl adj of vitr wisest, most intelligent, vg n battle; homicide, manslaughter, killing, vgja <-i, -r> vb (2) to consecrate, hallow, vgr adj able to fight; vgr vel well-skilled in arms, vking f raid; vking on a raid, vkingavrr <-varar, -verir> m Viking-Guard (coast guard against Vikings), vkja vb (I) [w dat] to move, turn; impers n vkr sgunni now the saga shifts, Vnland n Vinland (place name) Wine Country, region along the North American Atlantic; Vnland it ga Wineland the Good, same, vgja <-i, -t> vb (4) [w dat] to spare; give way to, vnn adj beautiful, fine, handsome; likely, to be expected; hopeful, promising, vnta <-ti, vnt> vb (2) [w gen] to expect, hope for, Vringi m Varangian, the name of the Norse warriors who served as bodyguards to the emperors of Constantinople in the Varangian Guard, vttr f creature, being; supernatural being, spirit, vllr m field, plain, vlva f seeress, sybil, vrr m warden; coastguard, watchman, vrr m pull of an oarvxtr m size, stature, growth; shape, yfir prep [w acc/dat] over, above, across; adv over, Yggr m Ygg (mythological name) Terrible One, a name of Odin, YggdrasillmYggdrasil, name of the World Tree, Ynglingar m pl Ynglings (personal name) Swedish-Norwegian dynasty; descendants of the god Yngvi, yrkja vb (3) to work, esp cultivate; compose (verses); yrkja [e-t] set about; mid attack one another, yrkisk um [e-t] it begins, Ze drttning in rka f Empress Zoe the Great, aan adv from there, thence; aan fr from that point onward, angat adv to there, thither (motion toward), angbrandr <-s> Thangbrand (personal name), annug (also annig) adv thither, that way (= ann + veg); thus, at pron it; n nom/acc of dem s that (one), au n pl pron they; those (ones), ttr m tale, short, egar adv at once, immediately; already; egar morgin first thing in the morning; egar unga aldri already by a young age; egar um haustit that very autumn; conj as soon as, when, egja vb (3) to be silent, keep ones mouth shut, egnskapr m generosity, open-handedness, eim m dat sg of dem s that (one) & all dat pl of eir/r/au they; those (ones), eima (also essum) m dat sg & all dat pl of essi, eir pron they; those (ones) (m pl), eira (also eirra) pron gen pl of eir/r/au they; their, ekkja <-ti~ekti~eki~tti, -tr~ektr~ekr> vb (3) to perceive, notice; know, recognize; ekkjast mid know one another, essi (also sj) dem pron this, these, r pl pron you; r frequent dat of ; see r, iggja vb (V) to accept; receive; accept lodgings, ingmar (pl ingmenn) m thingman, follower of an Icelandic chieftain, it dual pron you, j f people, nation, ola vb (4) to tolerate, endure, orbjrg <-bjargar> f Thorbjorg (personal name), orgeirr <-s> m Thorgeir (personal name); orgeirr flskubakr Thorgeir Flask-Back, orgerr f Thorgerd (personal name), orgils m Thorgils (personal name); orgils orsteinssonar Thorgils, son of Thorstein (personal name), orkell <-s> m Thorkel (personal name); orkell Geitisson m Thorkel, son of Geitir, orsteinn <-s> m Thorstein (personal name); orsteinn hvti m Thorstein the White, rir m Thorir (personal name), rr m Thor, god of thunder, husband of Sif, son of Odin and Earth, rasa <3sg pres rasir> vb (2) be belligerent, reifa <-a-> vb (1) touch or feel with ones hand; reifask mid fumble, grope, rekvirki n courageous deed, feat of strength, rettn num thirteen, rii ord num third, rii m Third, one of the three interrogators of King Gylfi, rfa vb (I) grasp; rfa til [e-s] grab hold of [sb/sth], rr num three, rvangar m pl Plains of Strength, Thors domain, umall m thumb, ungr adj heavy, urfa pret-pres vb [aux] need; [w gen] need, have need of, urs m giant, ogre, pron you (sg), sund <-ar, -ir> f thousand, usually long thousand, twelve hundred, v vb (VI) to wash. verra vb (III) to wane, decrease, grow less, vinnill <-s> m Thvinnil, name of a Viking (personal name), vgit = v-gi at [w comp adj] not the; vgit fleira no more, not much more, ykkja vb impers (3) seem to be, [w dat subj] to think/believe, seem (to one); ykkjask mid seem to one, think oneself, a (-ddi, -ddr) vb (2) to explain, interpret; signify; win over; ask [e-n] mid associate with [sb], r pron f pl they; those (ones), r f ewe or female sheep (with article rin, nn, nni, na, pl rnar, num, nna); r ok lmb ewes and lambs; kr ok r cows and ewes; see saur, sir m pl of ss, one of the two major groups of gods, tla <-a-> vb (1) to intend, purpose, mean; think, consider, tt f family, kindred; generation, tti 3sg & pl past subjunct of eiga vi f indecl age, time; alla vi for all time, forever, pa <-ti, -t> vb (4)to cry, scream, shout, xla <-ti, -tr> vb (2) tocause increase, multiply, ld f age, time; poet man pl mankind, men, llu n sg dat; weak m/f/n nom/acc/gen of allr, lvir m Olvir (personal name), nd f breath; life; spirit, soul, ndttr krka m Ondott Crow (personal name), rendislauss adj without effect, purposeless, lit errand-less, rendislaust adv without purpose, in vain, for nothing; fara rendislaust go in vain, without a purpose or reason, rn m eagle, x f axe, xarfjrrmOxarfjord, Axe Fjord (place name), Jules William Press is a small press devoted to publishing the best about the Viking Age, Old Norse, and the Atlantic and Northern European regions.
