Apart from taking different kinds of probiotics, what about eating (or avoiding) certain kinds of foods that specific strains already present in the gut are known to feed off of? Though certain Culturelle formulas also have problematic additives, and even Bimuno. I literally just went on Amazon and bought the probiotic with the most billions of strains, the ones that MUST be refrigerated. So much helpful information and different paths to continue looking down, thank you! I'd recommend the book "The Art of Fermentation" to learn about fermented foods. Should you take a probiotic supplement alongside other treatments for IBS, such as the low FODMAP diet? And with certain probiotics some people resort to breaking/opening each pill and taking about 1/8th the amount. But probiotics generally do not colonize the gut, they're almost all transient. I've had extremely severe detrimental affects (additional citations included^) from this one, and haven't yet been able to get rid of it. Additional citations against SBOs on the probiotic wiki page: https://old.reddit.com/r/HumanMicrobiome/wiki/probiotics. See the (incomplete) "harmful impacts" section here: https://old.reddit.com/r/HumanMicrobiome/wiki/probiotics. Insurance will generally not cover it and you do not need a doctor to get it. Jarrow's s.boulardii is more powerful/beneficial for me than Florastor. I am stuck without a clear diagnosis. And they seem to have good anti-diarrheal/antibacterial effects. Other examples are FODMAPs diet, and SCD. You can sometimes get it cheaper on Costcos website (buy a gift card if you're not a member). Jarrow's s.boulardii definitely does this for me. The primary evidence I've seen for fermented foods is for certain yogurts being beneficial for vaginal health: https://old.reddit.com/r/HumanMicrobiome/wiki/probiotics#wiki_vagina.3A. If you did need a doctor to get it, why would that make it better? Join us if you want to keep up to date with how our microbiomes impact all areas of human health, and to see what implications it will have for you. The recommendations for neonates are essentially the same as adults: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163616/ - also confirms the importance of specific strains & human-sourced strains. I think most/all human-derived strains are patented, thus you'll only find them in one product. Try the most backed/studied human-sourced probiotics first. I will update this post with additional details as I continue to test. How effective are probiotics in IBS? People who have taken certain antibiotics or a lot of antibiotics will likely benefit from the same probiotics (probably human-derived ones, since that's what the abx kills off). i read some bad things about buying probiotics from amazon, mostly that they are not kept refrigerated and not shipped with an ice pack. ... capsaicin, I've stopped drinking booze. Did nothing for me. Many prebiotics and probiotics can cause various harms. Have been reading and probiotics are recommended but I will have to check they are ok with my other prescriptions. To conclude, plant-based fermented foods and drinks are usually safe products; few negative reports can be found, but more research, especially human dietary intervention studies, are warranted to substantiate any health claim. With every product in the market claiming to contain probiotics, it can be daunting to figure out the best probiotic to improve irritable bowel syndrome. So these are not necessarily a "cure for constipation". Most human-derived probiotics are native strains that would be the most likely to perform native functions, and colonize the gut (but still typically do not colonize). Find the Top Probiotic For Ibs with the MSN Buying Guides >> Compare Products and Brands by Quality, Popularity and Pricing >> Updated 2021 So, what are the side effects of probiotics and what should you do if prob With the issue of probiotics for mental health, have you had any experience with certain strains perhaps making you feel better(mental clarity,anxiety,depression) after experimenting with? Personal experience: limited so far. Just Thrive's Bacillus spores may help with CFS, IBS-D, and intestinal permeability: http://thriveprobiotic.com/groundbreaking-study-healing-leaky-gut-strains-used-just-thrive-probiotic/, Bacillus Subtillis http://deerlandenzymes.com/de111/#section2. Reuteri and b.infantis are species found in breast milk. **Studies, articles, and discussion related to the human microbiome. What's effective for someone is going to vary between person to person because it depends on the current microbes that are in each person's gut. r/ibs: A community for those with IBS to discuss openly about their condition. Not every "probiotic" belongs/thrives in humans. I do have … 'waking up' the strains, and fermenting them in their yogurt? Culturelle + mushrooms are synergistic so I'd take them in the same meal. Each time I did not have a good experience. 1.3k votes, 261 comments. Prescriptions are generally restricted (vs OTC) due to their increased risks. It's very probable that these microbes prevent other commensal microbes from doing us harm. (2017): https://www.acsh.org/news/2017/05/01/two-fungal-species-cooperate-synthesize-antibiotic-11215, We found that the probiotic therapeutic effect was varied across individual mouse even with the same genetic background and consuming the same type of food. Part 2: https://archive.is/goMOR (tldr: failed). New study on probiotics for FD In case anyone here is struggling with functional dyspepsia, here’s a very recent study released on the affect of a few multi- probiotic link 3 Both worked. Since some people are still having trouble, here are the main takeaways: The current products are extremely limited and thus many people will get poor results no matter what. Same goes for competing starches. Healthy Trinity by Natren has worked well for me. And others may have short term benefits (because they seem to work like a bulldozer/disrupter) but detriments the longer you take them. I tried it and had the same result. So maybe it's better for people with IBS-D, but for me it just made things worse. The primary mode of "anti-constipation" effects is increasing stool frequency and softness. was your D from food triggers or constant? It contains a ‘double whammy’ combination of both probiotic bacteria and prebiotic fibre that have been clinically shown to be effective in relieving the painful symptoms associated with medically diagnosed IBS. Enema is not more effective from what I know, but haven't seen any papers I can recall. Please be specific when you share your experiences here and elsewhere. Many of the benefits seemed to come from/with improvements to intestinal permeability [1], and possibly immune function [1]. I started a list below (stickied comment) of products and the sources of their strains. No positive benefits for me. Bacillus Coagulans is a spore-forming, L-lactic acid producing bacteria that looks promising for IBS-D, and more. Fermented foods are generally quite oversold and can have detrimental effects. More info. How can probiotics help IBS? Full disclosure: I did study biochemistry and for that reason, I'm doubtful that probiotics actually work. Many prebiotics have similar impacts on me, and there is support for this in the literature [1]. A lot of research is done recently to investigate how probiotics can be used in the treatment and management of irritable bowel syndrome. It being touted as "prescription strength/availability" is largely a marketing strategy. Oligosaccharides are long-chain sugars (fiber) that feed bacteria, usually bifido. Other probiotic options….. Dicoflor 60 (L. rhamnosus GG). produced during the ferment. The Saccharomyces boulardii yeast is among the most promising of probiotics for diarrhea IBS. It has been shown to be effective for a few conditions (primarily UC). It's important to switch up your brand every so often, as well. ... help Reddit App Reddit coins Reddit premium Reddit gifts. The more different strains & species, and ingredients (such as prebiotics), one product has, the more likely it is for them to confound or contradict each other. This company says free shipping from Tokyo. Furthermore, probiotic strains of bacteria present in supplements are Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Another example is that if I'm on a milk-ONLY diet and add some raw milk it will cause diarrhea. IE: we used to be naturally exposed to these things therefore they must be good for us. This article will explore the latest science in attempting to answer these questions. Choosing a Probiotic Supplement for IBS. That is it. So purchasing separate products for single strains gets expensive. Though some probiotics are proven to help prevent antibiotic associated diarrhea [1][2], or help restore the gut microbiome after perturbation [1]. If google will not tell you the source you'll have to contact the company and ask. I have some IBS symptoms but because of Covid can't have a stool sample test. But someone reported it has similar effects to fermented foods. But other people have reported other brands/strains of s.boulardii to have the opposite effect on them. This can be accompanied with other unwanted side effects though, such as bloating & gas. This is one I haven't tried yet but looks extremely promising (EDIT: nope, another let down. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4027835/pdf/PG-8-22081.pdf, New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast, A community for those with IBS to discuss openly about their condition, Press J to jump to the feed. When you're considering a probiotic, search pubmed for the bacteria strain and ibs to see if any studies have been published about effectiveness. Bimuno is GOS (galacto-oligosaccharide). You can PM me for additions so I can keep this updated. Finally! The strains weren't even identified/studied till 02/2018: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0192452. I've experienced it myself, and seen reports from others having the same experience. Miyarisan appears to be difficult to obtain in the US; as of this writing I no longer see it on Amazon. So I tried that with Jarrow's s.boulardii, both overnight at room temp and fridge temp. Remember that fermenting cabbage (sauerkraut) is done to preserve it. Oh, also: soluble fiber. One study showed VSL#3 increased obesity, and another showed that two different batches of VSL#3 had remarkably different impacts, with one of them worsening intestinal permeability. (Abstract does not include conclusions; I wasn't able to find full text based on brief search.) I've also read many reports of this same phenomenon in other people. The Best Probiotics for IBS Image via Pixabay. And after an FMT or two, Align makes the soil-bac-symptoms worse, but the Lactobacillus probiotics are still helpful. I'd like to add a few notes: I'm currently taking AOR-3. Amongst the research into probiotics and diarrhoea (or more specifically probiotics for IBS diarrhoea) the probiotic strains: Pediococcus acidilactici CECT 7483, Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 7484 and Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 7485 have also been shown in a clinical trial to benefit those with IBS-D 6. Probiotics are a hot topic at the moment, particularly for people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Finding a prebiotic that only feeds the specific targeted bacteria can be difficult. Finally VSL #3 works great, but it's super pricey. There are various commercially available products that can be utilized to meet this need. More than a pea-sized amount of homemade sauerkraut is too much for me. A major downside is that you can't find a single product with a bunch of different "good" strains. ... help Reddit App Reddit coins Reddit premium Reddit gifts. IBS-M – Mixed bowel habits (constipation and diarrhoea) Your IBS symptoms depend on the type you suffer with. which probiotics or strains worked for you? [How-to with yogurt]. Multiple researchers have explored the hypothesis that antidepressants and psychological therapies can offer symptom relief for individuals with functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as IBS. This environment created by the microbial metabolites, decreases the diversity of the end product (from the whole food beginning to the fermented food end) [1]. Many causation studies also exist. My research on these specific strains shows the following: Probiotics reduce infectious complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy. I recommend taking phages separately from bacterial probiotics because they seem to change the impacts of other products. I've found it at my local Whole Foods, and even cheaper ordered from Amazon. Environmentally sourced microbes are very different from host-derived [1]. I note that the strains listed on the label changed in mid-2017 as follows: I contacted AOR and they noted that these are in fact the same strains, adjusted for their current scientific names. Before taking any over-the-counter probiotic supplement, be sure to check the ingredient list. Fermented foods and multi-strain probiotics may hinder, rather than help, recovery after antibiotics [1]. Two fungal species cooperate to synthesize an antibiotic that neither produces when grown alone. The microbiome is a developing area. Probiotics for IBS Diarrhea (IBS-D) Where IBS has led to loose stool or diarrhea, the use of probiotics can be levied to yield benefits in its alleviation. My goal for taking this probiotic is primarily to reduce fatigue / brain fog, and secondarily to improve digestive symptoms (IBS-D). Probiotics for IBS. You sort of have to try a wide variety of products and see which one works for you. An environment that is very different from the human gut. As of January 2018 it seems that pretty much every current bacterial probiotic harms me. I'm a little confused by your recommendations. They just need a planet-sized dose of probiotics. Example article from a pubmed search: Clinical trial: Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (DSM 9843) improves symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Background/aim: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic functional bowel disorder and the evidence shows most drug therapies in the treatment of IBS are weak. Avoid supplements with many different ingredients, especially prebiotics, unless you already know that specific prebiotic is beneficial for you. With this in mind, I have a history of a lot of different antibiotics (along with CFS, IBS-D and others). This is the "anti-constipation" or "disruptor/bulldozer" category. But they will not colonize the gut, or perform the necessary roles of native strains. Most of the literature backs a few specific strains for specific conditions. Hyperbiotics Pro-15 has the most reviews and a high rating on Amazon. Whereas specific strains (like align, culturelle, s.boulardii) are likely more beneficial to people who are missing good bacteria (IE: after taking antibiotics), and/or have diarrhea. I swear by Florastor. Citations & more info: https://old.reddit.com/r/HumanMicrobiome/wiki/probiotics. It actually helps decrease diarrhea, not to mention that it's also food for the little buggers in your gut. due to the fact that it lists the strain identifiers for every single one, and it uses the strain of L.Reuteri that I've found to be the most effective. I figured your comment was trolling because that's exactly what already exists in the guide. This 2017 study showed that two different batches of VSL#3 had remarkably different impacts, with one of them worsening intestinal permeability: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5532379/. I don't see this being resolved until a "synthetic FMT" product is available. The benefits of fermented foods are typically WAY oversold by health advocates. None of the probiotic recommendations for IBS are rated A because more studies are needed first. The above information will change with time, and I'll make regular updates. I am introducing this gradually and am currently at one capsule per day (vs. the recommended 3 daily), which may not be a high enough level to show significant results - but no side effects either. These show what the most science-backed strains/products are: http://www.worldgastroenterology.org/guidelines/global-guidelines/probiotics-and-prebiotics/probiotics-and-prebiotics-english, https://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0000000000000420 - 2015 one from Yale & Harvard, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3424311/#S8title - Older one from 2012: "A GI's guide to probiotics", https://www.optibacprobiotics.co.uk/live-cultures/probiotics-database, Spreadsheet by /u/just_some_gal https://old.reddit.com/r/HumanMicrobiome/comments/anjtpj/has_anyone_identified_a_comprehensive_resource/efuaxj6/. With your knowledge of the studies on the subject, do any strains appear better for these issues then most others? I took it. Studies have also shown that by replenishing these good bacteria, probiotics can help relieve IBS symptoms such as irregular bowel movements, abdominal pain, and bloating. And it just so happens that most multi-strain products use these kinds of strains since they're cheaper and not patented. Strains have host-specific effects, so you can't expect to get the same results of an animal study [1][2]. New discoveries are constant. I was wondering if anyone can recommend a good probiotic? If you order it, make sure it's shipped refrigerated - it can be outside of the fridge for a short while, but shipping without refrigeration will almost certainly ruin it. Short chain fatty acids like butyrate are supposed to be helpful too. Not sure which probiotics to take for IBS? Recently, some studies showed probiotics may have a positive effect in IBS and they are widely used to improve the symptom of IBS, which indicate probiotics may play an important role in the treatment of IBS. So I only take Jarrow's s.boulardii & phages. I can have several lovely ache free weeks then bang diarrhoea and in bed. I take the probiotic on an empty stomach in the morning, and a small splash of the apple cider vinegar in water 15 minutes before I eat. I've found Culturelle, Lactobacillus Plantarum 299V, Florajen 3, and Saccharomyces Boulardii (Jarrow brand) all helpful, although none of them has completely resolved my symptoms. Miyarisan (Clostridium butyricum): https://cfsremission.com/2015/10/19/miyarisan-clostridium-butyricum-revisited/ - claimed to be helpful for CFS & IBS-D. ¯\_(?)_/¯. Then we have to keep in mind that not every human-sourced probiotic will be beneficial, or significantly so. Press J to jump to the feed. Currently the science shows the beneficial microbes are the ones given to us in the womb, during birth, and from breast feeding & early healthy diet. Which is why I primarily focus on FMT, and wait till there are proven benefits for new/old strains and simply list the main ones here. High CFU counts, multi-strain probiotics, home ferments like sauerkraut, yogurt, and kefir: New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast, More posts from the HumanMicrobiome community. It's also cheaper which is nice. Instead NOTHING happened. Any thoughts on https://elementalwizdom.com/products/super-human-probiotics and/or Coconut Cult, who appear to be using this supplement, 'waking up' the strains, and fermenting them in their yogurt? So far most successful weapons have been the low fodmaps diet and then florastor for when my ibs-d feels like acting up. VSL#3 is one example that I've seen a lot of misinformation spread about it based on deceptive marketing. Probiotics may be a part of your plan for better digestive health and a reduction in IBS symptoms, but it’s critical you talk to your health provider to learn the best way to introduce probiotics and how to monitor their effect on your symptoms. The microbiome is a rapidly growing area of research, and has been linked to nearly every illness currently beyond medical capabilities. I'm now taking Probiotic 5 from Pure Encapsulations which seem to help. There's already a recommendation section so why are you still asking for recommendations? There aren't specific recommendations on how much you should take, which kinds, or how often. Nothing special. VSL #3 seems to be really helpful as well. Similar to the soil bacteria warning, I have not only found these to typically be harmful to myself, but I've seen a number of reports of people taking these multi-strain, high CFU count products and reporting that it caused them "SIBO", fatigue, and other detrimental side effects. We have to keep in mind that there is a difference between strains sourced from human stool (which may be transient environmental microbes) and strains sourced from the intestinal wall (which are more likely to be host native). Up until early 2016 we were only able to culture around 1% of gut microbes [1, 2]. And if so, which one and when? High CFU counts and muti-strain products (especially of the wrong strain) may be too strong and disrupt your microbiome too much. These therapies are thought to be beneficial for treating IBS because of their ability to exert effects within the central nervous system, which can mitigate pain perception, visceral hypersensitivity and GImotility. I have IBS-C and have tried two different types of probiotics over the last few years. I think this has to do with the metabolites (alcohol, acids, etc.) This fallacy is being applied to soil bacteria. So there is risk with just introducing random microbes that are "typically found in the gut"[1][2]. Mutaflor E.Coli Nissle 1917: http://www.probiotics-help.com/mutaflor.html - https://archive.is/jrie0 - the box says it's for chronic constipation. What matters is what those studies showed it to be effective/ineffective/harmful for. PSA: People with IBS-C, try probiotic BB536 Hint / Information I’ve been suffering from IBS-C like symptoms for a year and a half, including trapped gas, bloating, constipation, and stomach rumbling. As mentioned, a product that works best for your particular symptom profile may take some trial and error, but it’ll be worth it in the end. Currently (Mar 2019) it seems that I'm able to get good benefits from these when I take them while juice fasting, but they're harmful otherwise. Hi - thanks for putting this together, it's a really great resource. I take them alone with juice/water and s.boulardii, first thing in the morning. Apart from taking different kinds of probiotics, what about eating (or avoiding) certain kinds of foods that specific strains already present in the gut are known to feed off of. Moved to: http://HumanMicrobiome.info/Probiotic-Guide - only this link is being updated now. Note that recommendations are given as A, B or C ratings. I tried lactaid, I tried probiotics. It definitely softened my BMs. The exact mechanisms of probiotics in the human body are not fully understood, but probiotic supplements are thought to improve IBS … VSL #3 and Lifeway kefir daily. It has the same detrimental effects on me that b.infantis currently does. Actually, looks like Culturelle is good, it was just the inulin in some of them that was harmful. The antibiotic kills MRSA, as well as the bacteria that cause anthrax and strep throat. ** Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305: A human-sourced strain that colonizes 40% of recipients, but seems to only be available in one Japanese product. One of the signs that I'm basing this off is that high CFU/multi-strain probiotics, and probiotic foods like kefir and sauerkraut all have the similar effect (for me) of acting like a stool softener, and causing the stool to contain much more undigested food (much like certain antibiotics like flagyl). Human-derived strains seem to have the widest range of benefits. Moderate to high strain diversity, possibly along with high CFU counts, is likely more beneficial to people who need to clear one or more invaders [1] [2], and/or have constipation. While many of these studies have shown that probiotic supplementation is both safe and effective in some individuals with IBS, firm recommendations about which dose or strain to recommend in practice still cannot be made. Probiotics are “good” bacteria that may ease the belly pain and gas you get with IBS. While kombucha is often hyped as a “super-food,” only antioxidant and antimicrobial properties toward foodborne pathogens are well established; and it is unknown if these properties incur beneficial impact, even in vitro or in animal models. They are also not interchangeable with probiotics, except for ones sourced from fermented foods, like Garden Of Life products. : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus_reuteri#Prevalence | Each animal species hosts a unique microbial community: https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2016/11/28/each-animal-species-hosts-a-unique-microbial-community-and-benefits-from-it, Benefits/importance of specific strains (and more): [1][2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]. Whereas the specific strain products like Culturelle and s.boulardii did the opposite. Gut microbiome diversity is generally considered good. But I see people recommending it for all kinds of things, which IMO is misguided. This is quite flawed from what I understand. Psyllium helped like 15% but not enough. When you're considering a probiotic, search pubmed for the bacteria strain and ibs to see if any studies have been published about effectiveness. The gut contains trillions of bacteria. Strain identifiers (the numbers/letters after the genus and species) are probably the most important factor when looking for a probiotic. Doesn't seem to do much more than soften stool.) 7 in the sticky comment (including the previous 2): https://www.reddit.com/r/HumanMicrobiome/comments/6k5h9d/guide_to_probiotics/djjh73u/ (last 3 can probably be ignored). If you've tried a variety with poor results perhaps try adding phages. I've never tried or heard of prescription assist. Synbiotics: Taking probiotics with the same meal as synergistic prebiotics can boost their power and change the effect the prebiotics would otherwise have. Once daily unless you can afford more. Summary: In 2011 Yale university rated Bifidobacterium infantis and VSL#3 as the best probiotics for IBS. Multiple reports of it curing IBS-C. BioGaia Gastrus has one or more human-sourced strains, but also has some unnecessary additives that might cause problems for some people. We can try one plan on one planet, a different plan on another. OMNi-BiOTiC® STRESS Release Research shows that people with IBS have lower than average amounts of the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in their guts. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, http://HumanMicrobiome.info/Probiotic-Guide, two different batches of VSL#3 had remarkably different impacts, with one of them worsening intestinal permeability, https://old.reddit.com/r/HumanMicrobiome/wiki/probiotics, One of the most important factors seems to be whether a probiotic is, https://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0000000000000420, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3424311/#S8title, https://old.reddit.com/r/HumanMicrobiome/comments/anjtpj/has_anyone_identified_a_comprehensive_resource/efuaxj6/, spore-forming bacteria like these soil-based ones, the science shows the beneficial microbes are the ones given to us in the womb, during birth, and from breast feeding & early healthy diet, https://www.acsh.org/news/2017/05/01/two-fungal-species-cooperate-synthesize-antibiotic-11215, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/06/06/340331, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5532379/, Taking probiotics with the same meal as synergistic prebiotics can boost their power and change the effect the prebiotics would otherwise have, http://maypro.com/products/morinaga-bb536, but seems to only be available in one Japanese product, This company says free shipping from Tokyo, http://thriveprobiotic.com/groundbreaking-study-healing-leaky-gut-strains-used-just-thrive-probiotic/, http://deerlandenzymes.com/de111/#section2, https://www.amazon.com/review/R2XMYCGKIQ7U1I, https://elementalwizdom.com/products/super-human-probiotics, http://www.webmd.com/diet/features/answers-to-your-questions-about-probiotics#1, https://www.trubiotics.com/immune-support-supplement.php, https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d&q=jarrow+299v, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus_plantarum, https://www.amazon.com/Jarrow-Formulas-Organisms-Intestinal-Discomfort/product-reviews/B008OYII4E/ref=cm_cr_arp_d_viewopt_sr?ie=UTF8&filterByStar=two_star&reviewerType=all_reviews&pageNumber=1#reviews-filter-bar, https://cfsremission.com/2015/10/19/miyarisan-clostridium-butyricum-revisited/, http://www.probiotics-help.com/mutaflor.html, http://www.essentialformulas.com/efi.cgim?template=discovery_of_me-3, http://drohhiraprobiotics.com/lactobacillus-fermentum-me-3-summary-of-human-clinical-trials/, a dried fermentate produced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, producing compounds like hydrogen peroxide, acids, & alcohol, https://old.reddit.com/r/HumanMicrobiome/wiki/probiotics#wiki_vagina.3A, https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.09.001, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16863564, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus_reuteri#Prevalence, https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2016/11/28/each-animal-species-hosts-a-unique-microbial-community-and-benefits-from-it, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163616/, https://old.reddit.com/r/HumanMicrobiome/comments/aceyab/commercially_available_probiotic_strain_database/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus_rhamnosus#Lactobacillus_rhamnosus_GG_.28ATCC_53103.29, http://www.bifantis.com/pdf/Monograph.pdf, https://www.biogaia.com/research/biogaia-probiotic-strains/, https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/NoticeInventory/ucm544492.pdf, http://www.jarrow.com/articles/release/id/417/Lactobacillus_Plantarum_299v,_Natural_Solutions_to_GI_Problems, http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0192452, https://www.hyperbiotics.com/products/pro-15, https://www.reddit.com/r/Prebiotics/comments/6qrjww/effects_of_mushroom_consumption_on_the_microbiota/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17591036, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14507593, http://www.aor.ca/en/product/PROBIOTIC-3#References, https://www.reddit.com/r/HumanMicrobiome/comments/6k5h9d/guide_to_probiotics/djjh73u/.
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