(Fig.33) Observe phenomena → Fake quasi-particles model ? But of course, it is impossible to see a single object being in two places or a grotesque dead-alive cat at once. In 1970s, as the first theory of everything, unrealistic 26-dimensional string theory was invented. Hydrogen 2p energy level is split into two 2p3/2 and 2p1/2 states, which small energy splitting (= called fine structure ) is said to be caused by relativistic effect = spin-orbit interaction. The theoretical ground state energy value of the helium ion (He+) can be gotten from usual Bohr model or Schrodinger equation using the reduced mass. Because in this unrealistic indistinguishable state, integral of chosen (fake) wavefunction includes unphysical exchange integral, which uncanny integral or exchange fictitious force cannot be described by any real things or electric force ( this p.11 ). If an atom tries to contain more than two orbits of 1 × de Broglie wavelength, an electron is expelled by destructive interference of opposite phase of other electrons' de Broglie waves. If an atom tries to contain more than two orbits of 1 × de Broglie wavelength, multiple electrons' de Broglie waves interfere with each other destructively, hence impossible. The electron 1 initially at ( r1, 0, 0 ) moves one quarter of its orbit and arrives at y-axis, while the electron 2 initially at ( -r1, 0, 0 ) moves until it arrives at z-axis. (Fig.55) ↓ Weak light is destroyed = eavesdropping is detected ? Quantum mechanics has to irrationally treat the whole many-electron material as one pseudo-electron model with fictitious (= effective ) mass using unphysical model called "band theory" where some fictitious electrons are said to have unreal negative mass. This is also a paradox, because depending on an observer's motion, interference fringes of an electron's de Broglie wave appear or disappear on the screen ! where (VX, VY) are x and y components of electron-1's velocity ( unit 1 MM/SS = 109 meter/sec ), the numerator of the right side of above equation Fig.75 means the moving distance (in meter) for 1 SS. And they claim if ordinary computers try to calculate all probabilites and all patterns resulting in the output random meaningless numbers, it would take an enormous amount of time ( this 4-5th paragraphs ). Furthermore, even if a muon could be isolated from other irrelevant abundant particles (= though, it's impossible ), the motion of the muon under magnetic field gives only information about the particle's momentum, Not about each particle's mass, charge or velocity, hence, we cannot identify a muon as a new elementary particle with a mass different from an electron or proton only from the particle's motion under the magnetic field inside cloud chambers. This realistic de Broglie wave interference effect modifying Coulomb force a little needs to be determined by various experiments. For more recent data on covalent radii see Covalent radius.Just as atomic units are given in terms of the atomic mass unit (approximately the proton mass), the physically appropriate unit of length here is the Bohr radius, which is the radius … So the 3rd electron of lithium and the 3rd, 4th electrons of beryllium are unable to enter 1 × de Broglie wavelength orbits due to destructive interference between opposite phases of de Broglie waves.. Using the adjusted constant, the series is recalculated and compared to the experimental data again (Richard & Peter, 2000). So Helium has magnetic moment = diamagnetic means quantum mechanical Helium with No angular momentum disagrees with actual Helium producing magnetic moment, so quantum mechanical helium model with unreal spin is wrong and disagrees with experimental facts. When an atom contains only two orbits of 1 × de Broglie wavelength like real helium atom, an electron is never surrounded by two opposite-phase de Broglie waves of other two electrons like Fig.81 lower figure. e2 and e3 opposite phase in Fig.89 right upper ). Because it is convenient when calculating each acceleration and de Broglie wave at intervals of very short 1 SS (= 10-23 seconds ) instead of very long 1 second. (3)], and [Eq. But in weird Einstein relativistic world, whether an electric charge is moving or not depends on the motion of observers watching a charge. In the linear orbit where an electron is moving back and forth on the same one-dimensional path, the electron's de Broglie wave interferes with itself destructively, hence, Schrödinger's electron's motion becomes unstable and chaotic, while Bohr's atomic electron's motion is stable. Here we use the new unit ( 1 SS = 1 × 10-23 second ) and compute each value at the intervals of 1 SS. the lowest attainable energy and orbit, calculated to be 30.24pm from [Eq. (10)] respectively, are compared to the experimental results, yielding percent errors (Charlotte E. M., 1949). This is a realistic mechanism of Pauli exclusion repulsion based on real force and force carrier (= surrounding "medium" causing destructive interference between multiple de Broglie waves corresponds to force carrier, which is lacking in unrealistic quantum mechanical Pauli principle ). This computing of Helium atom with two perpendicular orbits is complicated three-body problem which cannot be calculated without modern computers like in old 1920s. Things used as quantum bits (= qubit ) include a photon (= just classical light wave, for example, horizontally polarized light is denoted as "0", vertically polarized light is denoted as "1" ), atomic (= or ion's ) two energy states (= ground state is "0", excited state is "1" ), superconducting two-directional currents (= for example, clockwise current = 0, counterclockwise current = 1 ).. (Fig.36) ↓ No evidence of faster quantum computer. ← too unstable, short-lived to believe, hence it is unreasonable and unscientific to claim new particle was found only from these unrealiable and chaotic particle collision experiments including many irrelevant particles. In quantum mechanical hydrogen molecule, an electron-1 must always exist in both two different H atoms in different positions simultaneously using fictional parallel worlds. Using this nonphysical meaningless description of electrons, Pauli principle is also expressed just as nonphysical relation called anticommutation, which abstract mathematical relation tells us nothing about detailed mechaism of how Pauli repulstive force acts on electrons, except for saying exchanging two electrons flips the sign = Pauli repulsion ? Here, we re-examine the helium (He) atom through the lens of the Bohr model in a way that may help students more easily understand multi-electron atoms and ions as opposed to using complex wave functions. So we use approximate method of estimating real H2 molecular orbits using the following computing program. The maximum number of 1 × de Broglie wavelength orbits contained in a single atom proves to be up to two like helium atom. We assume that the two electrons are at 180° apart in a circular orbit due to their mutual repulsion. Anyway, for a pair of a positively-charged positron and a negatively-charged electron to be produced and separated from neutral light (= unreal virtual photon ) as pair production, it needs unrealistically infinite energy, so antiparticle generation from light is impossible. The only solvable hydrogen atomic solution of Schrödinger equation is known to just agree with Bohr model which had already successfully explained all hydrogen-like atoms and ions. But in the case of two satellites moving in the same orbit (= both satellites experience the same constant gravity ) in the direction perpendicular to the earth's gravity, it cannot use gravitational time dilation canceling out moving clock's time dilation, so twin paradox appears. So the total number of orbits ( where each wave crosses another wave's opposite wave phase perpendicularly one to one ) becomes 2+2 = 4 orbits, which is Neon containg 2 × 4 orbits = 8 valence electrons. Krypton. On the other hand, sodium fine structure energy splitting is very big = energy difference between 3p3/2 and 3p1/2 is as big as 0.0021 eV. ← But this is Not true. So quantum mechanics started to use very rough and inaccurate arpproximation called "band model and DFT calculation", where all different electrons inside material are treated like one single illusory particle floating in all atoms at once. In 1920s~, quantum mechanics and Einstein special relativity were united into ( relativistic ) quantum field theory or quantum electrodynamics (= QED ). Furthermore, in fact, the electron's orbital of Schrödinger wave function Schrödinger equation of quantum mechanics has fatal flaws, it cannot handle any multi-electron materials, because it cannot generate even the most important Coulomb electric force enough to form molecular bonds. Ferromagnetism is said to be caused by electron spins aligned parallel to each other. As a result, contrary to the media-hype, the so-called quantum internet and quantum information technology are useless forever. An orbit of 2 × de Broglie wavelength contains more pairs of wave crest (= electron ) and trough (= opposite phase ) than an orbit of 1 × de Broglie wavelength, so Neon can contain as many as four orbits ( without destructive interference ), such four orbits were impossible in Helium of two 1 × de Broglie wavelength orbits. this program returns the electron back to the starting x-axis, and increases r1 (= initial x-coordinate of electron-1 ) by 1, until r1 changes from inputted value (ex. Actually, in alkali atoms such as potassium (= K ) and rubidium, there are No experimental data of Lande g factor (= gj, this p.9 Table.10, this p.28 lower ). Fractional-charge quarks can neither be isolated nor observed. Therefore, we need to divide the electron's orbit into many smaller segments where each short segment equals the distance an electron moves for extremely a short time 1 SS (= 10-23 seconds ). The absolute value of the energy difference is used, since frequencies and wavelengths are always positive. In this new helium, the two symmetrical orbits crossing perpendicularly are wrapping the whole helium atom completely. Books. Many experiments confirmed that an electron has wave nature where an electron can interfere with itself obeying de Broglie relation wavelength in the same way as ordinary light wave. (6)]. This is the consequence of destructive interference between two electrons' de Broglie waves out of phase, which was confirmed in many experiments. See detailed computing method. Only when many electrons are accelerated and colliding with each other in a disorderly way, as seen in alternating currents, they radiate and lose energy. And quantum mechanics cannot give real force carrier to Pauli exclusion repulsion, while realistic atomic model with electrons and de Broglie waves can treat Pauli repulsive force as real force generated by real force carrier. (See Exercises 13 and 14.) Now compare the n 2 /Z values of orbits for given species with that of hydrogen's first orbit to get the answer. An ordinary computer bit can takes only one state = 0 or 1 at the same time. So quantum mechanics insanely forbids all particles such as an electron, a photon (= light ) and even fictitious quasiparticles from having concrete physical shape. Physicists started to pursue new fictional things such as dark photon and fifth force just by looking at irrelevant nuclear reaction in vain. Bohr, N. (1913). 3060 ) to +100 (= 3160 ). Instead, the predominant interaction is known as the (unphysical) exchange interaction ( this p.4, 5 ).". It is safe to say black hole does Not exist. The current astronomy focuses only on fictional science saying this cosmic microwave may indicate fantasy parallel universes. (Fig.80) ↓ Midpoint of de Broglie wave doesn't expel another electron. Different from realistic orbits, quantum mechanical wave function, which allegedly represents probability of finding an electron, spreads all over the place, hence, an electron can exist in all places at once using fantasy parallel worlds. In fact, unphysical quantum mechanics cannot describe this Pauli exclusion principle or repulsive energy using any real things or forces. due to different masses of an electron and a photon (= an electron is much heavier than a photon ). The experimental value of Helium ground state energy is -79.005 eV (= sum of 1st and 2nd ionization energies of helium ), which just agrees with the computed energy value of -79.0037 eV, proving this new Helium model is correct. ↑ You can freely choose any arbitrary fake solution giving any arbitray fake energies, which quantum mechanical methods cannot predict any true energies, hence it's a kind of "art", Not science. Even if we insert light's zero rest mass ( m =0 ) and constant light speed v = c into Einstein relativistic energy and momentum relation, contradictory things happen = any light waves with any different wavelengths (= which should have different light energies and momentums ) turn out to have the same common constant light energy and momentum regardless of light wavelengths or frequencies. "2p" wavefunction has unreal negative kinetic energy on both sides. Quantum Physics (3rd ed.). Fc in [Eq. Furthermore, if anomalous Zeeman effect is due to spin, its energy splitting must obey Lande-g-factor (= gj ) spin theory which should split the original line symmetrically (= just equal interval ) with respect to the direction of external magnetic field. Quantum mechanics made up an ad-hoc, artificial rule, saying Pauli principle is the result of unphysical antisymmetric wavefunction (= exchanging two electrons changes the sign of the entire wavefunction ) or unphysical "exchange interaction" which lacks real force carrier. (7)] to give. The only realistic repulsive force causing Pauli exclusion principle is the force caused by destructive interference of electron's de Broglie wave which is powerful enough to modify Coulomb force as seen in double slit interference experiments (= de Broglie wave interference changes the direction in which an electron is scattered by Coulomb force in slit atoms ). They say too weak and dubious gravitational wave could slightly change 4-km arm only by 1000-times smaller than a proton = only one atom displacement in Sun-earth distance ! So all quantum mechanical researchers are doing now is just measure classical electromagnetic properties such as electric conductance, resistance and absorption of light, and intentionally try to associate those actually-observed physical phenomena with fictitious quantum mechanical model such as quasiparticles with unreal mass or charge. Current standard physics claims there are an unnaturally large number of elementary particles. This means each particle is always scattered by other ions, electrons and protons by Coulomb electric force inside a cloud chamber which cannot separate or identify a rare muon only by magnetic field. Pauli exclusion principle is known to generate mysterious powerful repulsive force enough to resist Coulomb force and exclude the 3rd electron of lithium to outer orbit, involving electron spin. Michelson-Morley experiment showed light speed c is always constant on the earth regardless of directions, which is compatible with already-known phenomena such as sound wave traveling at a constant speed through the medium (= air ). ← Nothing could be more unrealistic than quantum mechanics. No matter what fake potential and solution you choose, you always encounter many cases where DFT calculation is unable to explain experimental values ( this p.17, this p.1 left ). In the two-loop virtual particle's infinite correction, QED artificially chooses another different kind of infinity or sets new illegitimate rule to cancel out original infinite values (= caused by infinite virtual particles of two-loop Feynman diagram ) for getting desirable electron's g-factor values. Feel free to link to this site. This is 5.29177 x 10 -9 centimeter (cm) or 0.0529177 nanometer (nm). This nonphysical exchange integral can further lower electron's kinetic energy in an illegitimate way violating total energy conservation law, so false. So as the number of de Broglie wavelength (= number of de Broglie wave's crest and trough ) increases, each orbit can cross more other orbits perpendicularly (= opposite wave phases cross each other perpendicularly ), avoiding destructive interference. charge. Abnormal zero angular momentum means quantum mechanical electrons are always headed toward a nucleus in a linear orbit, and crash into the nucleus, as seen in Fig.3. For example, in Fig.64, we input "3060", which means the initial x coordinate of electron 1 is 3060 MM = 3060 × 10-14 meter. (10)], which follows this Bohr-like model’s assumptions, to calculate a series of lines in the visible portion of helium’s emission spectrum. ↑ This is impossible, because a ligher particle (= neutron ) cannot emit a heavier particle (= W boson ) due to violating mass conservation. In fact, even mathematically, relativistic QED calculation of Lamb shift was known to be invalid and false ( this p.5 upper, this p.4 ). The neutral electric current is flowing in the leftward direction generating magnetic field around the current. So the origin of quantum mechanical Pauli exclusion force is nonsense = illegitimately-increased kinetic energy (= without using normal Coulomb repulsion or other forces, instead, using only unphysical "exchange" ) violating energy conservation law, so this unphysical Pauli repulsion can neither be admitted as real force nor given any realistic physical interpretation ( this p.6 ). The famous Stern-Gerlach Experiment, which was supposed to measure electron spin's magnetic field, did Not measure an electron spin itself. (Fig.73) y component of the acceleration by Coulomb. This negative kinetic energy has nothing to do with quantum tunnel. (Fig.5) Quantum mechanics needs unrealistic electron spin. determines that another light is also vertically-polarized. preVY is y component of the last velocity 1ss before VY ( so preVY is almost the same as VY ). For example, when an electron-1 exists in H-atom-a in the position-a, and an electron-2 exists in H-atom-b in the position-b, these two electrons are distinguishable from different positions of two different H atoms. The adjusted Rydberg-like constant is calculated (63849000 m-1) using the least square method and plotted graphically with experimental data (Richard & Peter, 2000). Einstein mass energy relation mc2 was said to be involved in massive nuclear energy as seen in atomic bombs. (Fig.51) ↓ Electron's de Broglie wave vanishes !? According to unphysical quantum mechanics, all electrons lose their specific positions, and exist in every place simultaneously as if all different electrons are a indistinguishable ghost particle. (Fig.91) Wave nature is needed for closed stable orbits ↓. When an electron gets close to the nucleus ( r → 0, ① area of Fig.4 ), angular kinetic energy (= also called centrifugal potential, this p.3 ) inversely proportional to the square of the distance (= r ) between an electron and nucleus increases to infinity so rapidly that it cannot be canceled out only by negative Coulomb energy near a nucleus. Quantum mechanics makes an excuse that the instant we try to observe such an unrealistic quantum state, it suddenly changes into a single realistic state (= a cat is dead or alive ) from the original imaginary multiple states (or places ). But this bent light is much more easily and naturally explained by light refraction by dusts and molecules around stars. On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules. And recently, physicists try to restore such medium filling space under a changed name of "dark matter." So the recent black hole picture is fake, because No visible light can be detected near black hole due to very thick dusts. ↑ This huge discrepancy between hydrogen's and sodium's fine structure energy splitting shows the spin-orbit interaction, which allegedly causes both hydrogen's and sodium's fine structure, does Not occur in actual atoms. In any r1, this program computes values, and we can check all those values, so the first inputted r1 value needs not to be right one. Lastly, you are asked to input the distance between two nuclei of H2 molecule (= experimental value of H2 internuclear distance is 0.7414 Å ). So quantum mechanics gave up solving Schrödinger equation, and it just chooses Therefore, all experiments in the present and future gigantic particle colliders are useless and just a waste of huge taxpayers' money, pursuing illusory particles.
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